দীর্ঘ ৩ বছর ধরে বালাচাওমেকার সুনামের সাথে বিভিন্ন বালাচাও প্রস্তুত করছে।
এই শ্রিম্প বালাচাও হরহামেশা পোলাও, খিচুড়ি, চাইনিজ আইটেম, ফ্রাইড রাইস, নুডুলস, রামেন, মুড়িমাখা, চানাচুর, ঘন ডাল, সবজিসহ বিভিন্ন ভর্তার সাথে ব্যবহার হচ্ছে।
বালাচাওমেকার-এর রয়েছে স্ট্যান্ডার্ড, স্পাইসি, এক্সট্রা শ্রিম্প, থাই ওরিয়েন্টাল, রেড সিচুয়ান এবং কাশ্মীরি ক্যাটাগরি।
বালাচাওমেকার প্রস্তুতকৃত ৩০০ গ্রাম চিংড়ি বালাচাও এর মূল্য ৪৯০ টাকা।
Balachaw is a fusion food for prawn lovers. It is a spicy menu. Balachaw is a popular dish, especially in Chittagong and Cox’s Bazar.
This menu is as crispy chips made with fried onions, shrimp, garlic, ginger and red chillies.
This dry version of food has a good shelf life made with dried prawns.
Everything is fried crisp as there is no moisture whatsoever!
Thai oriental category prawn balachaw would be a great cooking ingredient for you. That is why; Balachaomaker has brought a great fusion of prawn balachaw, different from the regular balachaw available at the super shop.
Balachaomaker is a prawn balachaw manufacturer in the town. For those who love dried shrimp or prawns lovers, this is a piece of great news.
So far, Balachaw is a Burmese hot relish made of dried prawns or shrimps with plenty of garlic and chillies. They ensure the use of 100% shrimp.
You can use this dried pickle to increase the taste of regular dishes like Mixed Dal, Fried Rice, Khichuri, Noodles, Halim, Murighonto, Vegetable, etc.
The use of home-processed spices also added a great taste to it. Now a day, prawn balachaw becomes a companion in everyday life of consumers.
Balachaomaker is a manufacturer of premium balachaw in Bangladesh.
Firstly, you have to know what “Balachaw” is. Then you will understand what we are making for your mouth.
Balachaomaker is one of the commercial manufacturers of organic prawn balachaw in Bangladesh.
It started its journey in the year 2019 to provide a variety of prawn balachaw.
Balachaomaker is a marketer of various home-processed brands and household names in Bangladesh.
If you are interested in doing business with Balachaomaker, mail balachaomaker@gmail.com
Even you may follow our Facebook Page. You may dial 01673375594 to discuss details.
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Our talk works as a connecting bridge between the clients and their targeted customers.
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Balachaw is a traditional, mouth-watering food of Chattogram and Cox’s Bazar. Especially, it is made with dried shrimp, onion, garlic, and other ingredients.
There is another prawn-pickle recipe that originated from India with an almost identical name – Balchão. It has been described as ‘a fiery dish’ from Goa. It is a spicy seafood dish in Goan cuisine.
Balachaung, on the other hand, is a type of pickle of Burmese origin, made from dried shrimp, and is relished with steamed rice. Although few sources mark Burma as the authentic origin of balachaw, its popularity is now ubiquitous in Bangladesh.
In recent times, homemade food businesses grew a faster way. Balachaw became more popular all over the country. Its varied features make it a great addition to the kitchen and dining room.
It has many more uses than just having a pickle with steamed rice or khichuri. Here are some simple Balachaw recipes to prepare at home and enhance the taste of food like Tomato-Balachaw Chutney, Mixed Vegetable Rosha, Balachaw-Aloo Chaat, and more
This dry version of food has a good shelf life made full of dried shrimps. Everything is fried crisp as there is no moisture whatsoever!
Keeping that tradition of this dish, Balachaomaker made a fusion of dried ingredients containing processed shrimps, onion, garlic, red chilli, salt, cooking oil and secret spices.
This dish is not only for the shrimp lover but also for the spice lover.
Our balachaw would be a great cooking ingredient for you.
That is why; Balachaomaker has brought a great fusion of spicy shrimp balachaw, different from the regular balachaw available at the super shop.
You can use this dried pickle to increase the taste of the regular dishes like Mixed Dal, Fried Rice, Khichuri, Noodles, Halim, Murighonto, Vegetable, etc.
The use of homemade spices also added a great taste to it.
Balachaomaker is a marketer of various homemade brands and household names in Bangladesh.
With selective cooking ingredients, it becomes a companion in consumers’ everyday life.
বিদেশ থেকে মেশিন ইকুইপমেন্ট এন্ড স্পেয়ার পার্টস ইম্পোর্ট করার প্রয়োজন আর নেই। এখন দেশেই আমরা প্রস্তুত করছি আপনার মেশিনারির প্রয়োজনীয় স্পেয়ারস পার্টস।
এগ্রিকালচার, ফুড এন্ড বেভারেজ, ফার্মাসিটিউক্যাল, টেক্সটাইল, লেদার ইত্যাদি সেক্টরের বিভিন্ন মেশিনারির স্পেয়ারস্ পার্টস প্রস্তুত করছি।
বেভারেজ মেশিনারি ইকুইপমেন্ট এবং কাস্টমাইজড স্পেয়ার পার্টস
এখন দেশেই প্রস্তুত হচ্ছে বিভিন্ন মেশিনারি ইকুইপমেন্ট এবং কাস্টমাইজড স্পেয়ার পার্টস। বিদেশ থেকে নিয়মিত মেশিনারি ইকুইপমেন্ট এবং স্পেয়ার পার্টস জোগাড় করা সময় সাপেক্ষ। কখনও কখনও ব্যয়বহুল।
আমাদের ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং ওয়ার্কশপেই প্রস্তুত হচ্ছে সে সকল মেশিনারি স্পেয়ার পার্টস।
সুনির্দিষ্ট স্যাম্পল অনুসারেই হচ্ছে পার্টসের হুবুহু ভার্শন। সহজেই এডজাস্ট হচ্ছে মেশিনের ম্যানুফেকচারিং প্রসেসে।
যে কোন মেশিনের স্পেয়ার পার্টস প্রস্তুত করতে যোগাযোগ করুন। +৮৮০ ১৬৭৩ ৩৭৫ ৫৯৪
• বেভারেজ প্রসেসিং লাইন এবং প্যাকেজিং লাইনের স্পেয়ার পার্টস
আমরা বিভিন্ন ইন্ডাস্ট্রি এবং ফ্যাক্টরির মেশিনারি ইকুইপমেন্ট এবং স্পেয়ার পার্টস প্রস্তুত করি। এদের মধ্যে কাপলার রিটেনশন ভালভ, সেফটি ভালভ, সীল ৫/৮, পাইপ ফিটিং, ম্যানুয়াল নাট ৫/৮, বোতলের ক্যাপ জন্য চাবি/কি, সিলিকন সীল এবং গ্যাসকেট অন্যতম।
আপনি যে ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং সার্ভিস টি খুঁজছেন, আমরা তা নিশ্চিত করছি দীর্ঘ ১০ বছর।
বিভিন্ন ইন্ডাস্ট্রিতে রয়েছে আমাদের সুনির্দিষ্ট কিছু ক্লায়েন্ট।
বিদেশ থেকে অরিজিনাল স্পেয়ার পার্টস কিনে এনে সারাবছর ম্যানুফেকচারিং প্রসেস চালু রাখা প্রায় অসম্ভব। কখনও কখনও সময় সাপেক্ষ এবং ব্যয়বহুল।
সেক্ষেত্রে আমাদের ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং ওয়ার্কশপ দিচ্ছে স্পেয়ার পার্টসের ওয়ান-স্টপ সল্যুশন।
আমাদের কাস্টমাইজড স্পেয়ার পার্টস এবং মেশিন টুলস ব্যবহার করেই আপনার ফ্যাক্টরির ম্যানুফেকচারিং প্রসেসকে চালু রয়েছে। এছাড়া আমরা অটোমেশন প্রক্রিয়ায় চালিত মেশিনারির প্রয়োজনীয় যন্ত্রাংশের কাস্টমাইজড স্পেয়ার পার্টস ডিজাইন করি। যোগাযোগ ০১৬৭৩৩৭৫৫৯৪।
Do you know what balachao is? What do you mean by authentic balachao? Balachao is a spicy and dried version of fusion food made with fried prawns, onions, garlic, red chillies and special spices.
Balachao is very famous, especially in the Chittagong area. It is mainly spicy fish chips made from dried prawns. It is crispy.
How to eat or use?
You can use balachao to increase the taste of the regular dishes such as Mixed Dal, Fried Rice, Khichuri, Noodles, Halim, Murighonto, Vegetable, etc.
Materials to prepare homemade balachao
Spicy prawn Balachao contains
1. Dried prawn
2. Onion
3. Garlic
4. Dry chilli 6/7
5. Salt
6. Cooking oil and
7. special spices
How to cook?
Roast and fry all ingredients like prawns, onion and garlic in oil. Then mix the chilli powder and salt on the same pan and roast them for 1 minute. Now mix all of this roasted prawn, onion and garlic very well. You have to do the tasks very slowly to get the authentic taste of balachao.
Other information
Keeping that tradition of this dish, we made a fusion of dried ingredients containing processed shrimps, onion, garlic, red chilli, salt, cooking oil and the secret spices and named it spicy balachao.
It is a spicy dish with a lot of dry chillies. This dish is not only for the shrimp lover but also for the spice lover.
The use of homemade spices also added a great taste to it.
We are the only spicy Balachao manufacturer in Bangladesh. You might be surprised to hear the name “Balachao”. What is it?
This crispy cooking ingredient is not only for the shrimp lover but also for the spice lover.
Made with freshly processed shrimps and the best spices, it brings you great taste in convenient local packaging to protect and preserve the excellent aroma.
Balachaomaker is a source of quality spice and cooking ingredients.
It started its journey in July 2019.
Balachaomaker is the only marketer of homemade shrimp balachao.
It becomes a companion in consumers’ everyday life.
Even you may follow our Facebook Page. You may dial 01673375594 to discuss details.
বিজনেস পোর্টফলিও বাংলাদেশ প্রস্তুত করছে আপনার কোম্পানির, ব্যবসার অথবা প্রকল্পের প্রজেক্ট প্রোফাইল।
আপনি কি আপনার ব্যবসায়িক উদ্যোগের জন্য প্রজেক্ট প্রোফাইল প্রস্তুত করতে চান? যে সার্ভিস আপনার ব্যবসা অনুসারে প্রোফাইল প্রস্তুত করে দিতে সক্ষম। একজন প্রোফাইল রাইটিং বিশেষজ্ঞ দিয়ে আপনার প্রজেক্ট প্রোফাইল লিখতে, +৮৮০১৬৭৩৩৭৫৫৯৪ এ আমাদের সাথে যোগাযোগ করুন।
বিজনেস পোর্টফলিও রাইটিং সার্ভিস আপনার কোম্পানির প্রকল্পের প্রোফাইল প্রস্তুত করে থাকে।
ব্যাংক অথবা ফাইনান্সিয়াল ইন্সটিটিউট থেকে প্রজেক্টের অধীনে লোণ গ্রহণে এমন প্রোফাইল থাকা বাধ্যতামূলক।
মূলত ব্যবসার ভবিষ্যৎ পরিকল্পনা এবং প্রয়োজনীয় বিনিয়োগের কথা লেখা হয় এই প্রোফাইলে।
বিজনেস পোর্টফলিও বাংলাদেশ দেশের স্বনামধন্য প্রোফাইল রাইটার। বিভিন্ন ইন্ডাস্ট্রি এবং বিভিন্ন প্রকল্পের প্রজেক্ট প্রোফাইল লেখার অভিজ্ঞতা আমাদের রয়েছে।
এই সার্ভিস নিশ্চিত করে ১০০% শতভাগ ইউনিক কন্টেন্ট। সুনির্দিষ্ট টাইমলাইনের মধ্যেই প্রস্তুত প্রস্তুত হয় আপনার ব্যবসার/ প্রতিষ্ঠানের প্রোফাইল।
অভিজ্ঞ কপিরাইটার নির্দিষ্ট সময়সীমার মধ্যে মানসম্মত কনটেন্ট সরবরাহ করে।
আমাদের টীমে রয়েছে অভিজ্ঞ ব্যাংক করমকর্তা, প্রফেশনাল একাউন্টেন্ট, ক্রেডিট এনালিস্ট, কপিরাইটার, এডিটর এবং প্রুফরিডার। এই অভিজ্ঞ টীম বিভিন্ন কোম্পানির প্রোফাইল প্রস্তুতের কাজ করছে।
আমরা ব্যবসায়িক পরিকল্পনা, রূপরেখা, নির্বাহী সারাংশ এবং আর্থিক প্রতিবেদন প্রস্তুত করি।
আপনি কল বা ই-মেইল করে আমাদের সাথে যোগাযোগ করতে পারেন।
একজন প্রোফাইল রাইটিং বিশেষজ্ঞ দিয়ে আপনার কোম্পানির প্রোফাইল লিখতে, +৮৮০১৬৭৩৩৭৫৫৯৪ এ আমাদের সাথে যোগাযোগ করুন।
আমাদের ই-মেইল ঠিকানা naeenzulker@gmail.com।
ব্যবসায় সমৃদ্ধির জন্য বিজনেস প্রোফাইলের বিকল্প নেই।
বিজনেস প্রোফাইল মূলত পণ্য এবং পরিষেবার বিস্তারিত বর্ণনা করা থাকে। ব্যবসার ধরণ অনুসারে কোম্পানির প্রোফাইল ভিন্ন হয়ে থাকে। মূলত ব্যবসার বৃদ্ধির উদ্দেশ্যেই লেখা হয় এই প্রোফাইল।
কোম্পানি প্রোফাইল কিসের জন্য ব্যবহার হয় সেটার ধারণা দিচ্ছি। অনলাইন ব্যবসার জন্য। মার্কেটিং টুলস সরঞ্জাম হিসাবে। ক্লায়েন্টকে দেয়ার জন্য। ক্রেতার সুবিধার জন্য। বিনিয়োগের জন্য।
চালু ব্যবসার তথ্য অনুসন্ধানে এই প্রোফাইল গুরুত্বপুর্ন ভুমিকা পালন করে। সঠিক কাস্টমার আপনাকে খুঁজে পেতে সহায়তা করে৷
একজন উদ্যোক্তার জন্য তাঁর বিজনেস প্রোফাইল আপডেট থাকা প্রয়োজন। না থাকলে এই ধরণের প্রোফাইল প্রস্তুত করে নেয় জরুরি।
আপনি কি আপনার ব্যবসায়িক প্রোফাইল প্রস্তুত করতে চান? এমন সার্ভিস কি আছে যা আপনার ব্যবসা অনুসারে প্রোফাইল প্রস্তুত করে দিতে সক্ষম? বিজনেস পোর্টফলিও রাইটিং সার্ভিস দিচ্ছে এর সল্যুশন।
বিজনেস প্রোফাইল প্রকৃত অর্থে ব্যবসা বৃদ্ধিতে সহায়ক। কখনও কখনও কোম্পানির বৃত্তান্ত বা মার্কেটিং টুলস্ হিসেবে কাজ করে। এছাড়া নতুন ক্লায়েন্ট মিটিং এ বিজনেস প্রোফাইল থাকা জরুরি।
করোনা মহামারির কারণে গত দুই বছর বিশ্বের অন্যান্য দেশের মতো বাংলাদেশ থেকেও কেউ হজে যেতে পারেননি। করোনা পরিস্থিতির উন্নতি হওয়ায় চলতি বছর বিভিন্ন দেশ থেকে ১০ লাখ মুসল্লিকে হজ পালনের অনুমতি দিয়েছে সৌদি কর্তৃপক্ষ।
চলতি বছর বাংলাদেশ থেকে ৫৭ হাজার ৫৮৫ জন মুসল্লি পবিত্র হজ পালনের সুযোগ পাচ্ছেন।
অনেকেই শ্রিম্প বালাচাও প্রস্তুত করে থাকেন। তবে বালাচাও এর প্রতিটি ইনগ্রেডিয়েন্ট বিষয়ে বালাচাওমেকার বেশ সচেতন।
বিশ্বস্ত সোর্স থেকে সংগ্রহকৃত চিংড়ি দিয়েই প্রস্তুত হয় আমাদের বালাচাও। আমাদের চিংড়ি শুটকি প্রচলিত বাজারের চিংড়ি শুটকির চেয়ে অপেক্ষাকৃত উজ্জ্বল ও বেশী চকচকে।
আমাদের ব্যবহারকৃত চিংড়ি শুটকিতে কোন প্রকার গন্ধ থাকে না। মেশানো হয় না কোন প্রকার রাসায়নিক দ্রব্য।
কিন্তু আমাদের শুটকির তৈরী করি তাজা মাছ দিয়ে। যাতে করে শুটকির চামরা মসৃন থাকে। এবং গরম পানিতে ধোয়ার প্রয়োজন নেই কারণ আমরা প্রসেসিং এমন ভাবে করি যাতে ধুলাবালি ও বিষ থাকে না।
আমাদের ব্যবহারকৃত চিংড়ি শুঁটকি বিষাক্ত ডিডিটি ও কৃষিজ কীটনাশকমুক্ত।
An exclusive business portfolio can help you to grow your business. You can increase revenue, attract new clients, and have a successful year.
We are a Business Portfolio Managementservice provider. This service deals with various business profiles and manages the documentation of the products or services.
It works as a marketing tool for the overall business, and it will help customers find the company when they search for it.
If you are an entrepreneur and looking for new clients, you can hire us for your business profile.
Most entrepreneurs have no such experience and know how to create them. To write your business profile involving a business profile writing expert, contact us at
Contact Number +8801673375594
We have managed an extensive portfolio of different companies, organizations and businesses from diverse industries and sectors. We also provide business plan writing, executive summary writing, and financial report writing.
Our services are highly affordable and of the highest quality. You can reach us by calling or emailing.
naeenzulker@gmail.com
Your Business Portfolio
A business portfolio is essentially a record of your products, services, business goals and stakeholders. All sorts of products and services are the parts and parcel of this compilation of your worth.
Writing up a business portfolio is a step-by-step process. The art of creating a business portfolio lies in a tailor-made fit for the business goals and objectives of the business owners.
A good mix of products and services is key to a business-driven portfolio while building up your profits.
Preparing a well-documented business profile is a strength. It details the information about the product, but more importantly, it requires a well-planned and strategic manner to represent.
While it may take some time to organize the documents, you can start with the basics and work your way up from there. The first step
to succeeding in your business-driven goal is to create a portfolio which works for you best. We call it a business-driven profile that equally works as a company profile, service profile, product book, or credential.
Business Portfolio Management
Business portfolio management is associated with allocating all business documents while updating the existing business profile. Most importantly, it is about the entire business and sales that match goals to outcomes.
A business profile is a boon for investing as the selection caters to the individual’s business goals. It provides a strategy and a solution based on the need and suggests the best route that an investor should take.
Portfolio Manager
We work as your business portfolio manager. Managing your business profile is our responsibility. Our task is to understand your business and focus on growth.
We always have a clear picture of the company owner’s expectations to find a suitable strategy and deliver the best possible returns. Though the objective of money-making remains the same, the role of the business portfolio sometimes differs.
আপনি কি আপনার ব্যবসায়িক প্রোফাইল প্রস্তুত করতে চান? এমন সার্ভিস কি আছে যা আপনার ব্যবসা অনুসারে প্রোফাইল প্রস্তুত করে দিতে সক্ষম? বিজনেস পোর্টফলিও রাইটিং সার্ভিস দিচ্ছে এর সল্যুশন।
বিজনেস প্রোফাইল প্রকৃত অর্থে ব্যবসা বৃদ্ধিতে সহায়ক। কখনও কখনও কোম্পানির বৃত্তান্ত বা মার্কেটিং টুলস্ হিসেবে কাজ করে। এছাড়া নতুন ক্লায়েন্ট মিটিং এ বিজনেস প্রোফাইল থাকা জরুরি।
তাই ব্যবসায় সমৃদ্ধির জন্য বিজনেস প্রোফাইলের বিকল্প নেই।
বিজনেস প্রোফাইল মূলত পণ্য এবং পরিষেবার বিস্তারিত বর্ণনা করা থাকে। ব্যবসার ধরণ অনুসারে কোম্পানির প্রোফাইল ভিন্ন হয়ে থাকে। মূলত ব্যবসার বৃদ্ধির উদ্দেশ্যেই লেখা হয় এই প্রোফাইল।
কোম্পানি প্রোফাইল কিসের জন্য ব্যবহার হয় সেটার ধারণা দিচ্ছি। অনলাইন ব্যবসার জন্য। মার্কেটিং টুলস সরঞ্জাম হিসাবে। ক্লায়েন্টকে দেয়ার জন্য। ক্রেতার সুবিধার জন্য। বিনিয়োগের জন্য।
চালু ব্যবসার তথ্য অনুসন্ধানে এই প্রোফাইল গুরুত্বপুর্ন ভুমিকা পালন করে। সঠিক কাস্টমার আপনাকে খুঁজে পেতে সহায়তা করে৷
একজন উদ্যোক্তার জন্য তাঁর বিজনেস প্রোফাইল আপডেট থাকা প্রয়োজন। না থাকলে এই ধরণের প্রোফাইল প্রস্তুত করে নেয় জরুরি।
বিজনেস পোর্টফলিও রাইটিং সার্ভিস দেশের অন্যতম বিজনেস প্রোফাইল রাইটার।
এই সার্ভিস নিশ্চিত করে ১০০% শতভাগ ইউনিক কন্টেন্ট। সুনির্দিষ্ট টাইমলাইনের মধ্যেই প্রস্তুত প্রস্তুত হয় আপনার ব্যবসার/প্রতিষ্ঠানের বিজনেস প্রোফাইল।
আমাদের অভিজ্ঞ কপিরাইটার এবং বিজনেস কনসাল্টেন্ট টাইমলাইনের মধ্যেই আপনার বিজনেস কনটেন্ট লিখতে সক্ষম।
যদি বিজনেস প্রোফাইল রাইটিং সার্ভিস খুঁজে থাকেন তবে বিজনেস পোর্টফলিও রাইটিং সার্ভিস ই হতে পারে আপনার বেষ্ট চয়েজ। আমরা দেশের সেরা কোম্পানি প্রোফাইল রাইটিং বিশেষজ্ঞদের একজন।
আমাদের টীমে রয়েছে প্রফেশনাল কপিরাইটার, এডিটর এবং প্রুফরিডার। এই অভিজ্ঞ টীম বিভিন্ন কোম্পানির বিজনেস প্রোফাইল প্রস্তুতের কাজ করছে।
আমরা ব্যবসায়িক পরিকল্পনা, রূপরেখা, নির্বাহী সারাংশ এবং আর্থিক প্রতিবেদন প্রস্তুত করি।
আপনি কল বা ই-মেইল করে আমাদের সাথে যোগাযোগ করতে পারেন।
আপনার কোম্পানির বিজনেস প্রোফাইল লিখতে, +৮৮০১৬৭৩৩৭৫৫৯৪ এ আমাদের সাথে যোগাযোগ করুন
একটি সুলিখিত কোম্পানি প্রোফাইল ব্যবসা বৃদ্ধিতে বেশ সহায়ক। কোম্পানি প্রোফাইল কখনও কখনও কোম্পানির আয় বাড়াতে সক্ষম। নতুন ক্লায়েন্ট আকর্ষণ করতে একটি কোম্পানি প্রোফাইল থাকা জরুরি।
তাই কোম্পানি প্রোফাইলের বিকল্প নেই।
কোম্পানি প্রোফাইল মূলত কোম্পানির পণ্য এবং পরিষেবার বিস্তারিত বর্ণনা করা থাকে। ব্যবসার ধরণ অনুসারে কোম্পানির প্রোফাইল ভিন্ন হয়ে থাকে।
মূলত ব্যবসার বৃদ্ধির উদ্দেশ্যেই লেখা হয় আপনার কোম্পানি প্রোফাইল।
কোম্পানি প্রোফাইল কিসের জন্য ব্যবহার হয় সেটার ধারণা দিচ্ছি। অনলাইন ব্যবসার জন্য। মার্কেটিং টুলস সরঞ্জাম হিসাবে। ক্লায়েন্টকে দেয়ার জন্য। ক্রেতার সুবিধার জন্য। বিনিয়োগের জন্য।
ব্যবসা সমন্ধে তথ্য অনুসন্ধানে কোম্পানি প্রোফাইল গুরুত্বপুর্ন ভুমিকা পালন করে।
আপনার কোম্পানিকে খুঁজে পেতে সহায়তা করে৷
আপনি যদি একজন উদ্যোক্তা হন। যদি নতুন ক্লায়েন্ট এর সন্ধানে থাকেন। তবে আপনার কোম্পানির প্রোফাইল আপডেট থাকা প্রয়োজন।
বিজনেস পোর্টফলিও বাংলাদেশ দেশের অন্যতম কোম্পানি প্রোফাইল রাইটার।
এই সার্ভিস নিশ্চিত করে ১০০% শতভাগ ইউনিক কন্টেন্ট। সুনির্দিষ্ট টাইমলাইনের মধ্যেই প্রস্তুত প্রস্তুত হয় আপনার ব্যবসার/ প্রতিষ্ঠানের কোম্পানি প্রোফাইল।
অভিজ্ঞ কপিরাইটার নির্দিষ্ট সময়সীমার মধ্যে মানসম্মত কনটেন্ট সরবরাহ করে।
আপনি কি কোম্পানির প্রোফাইল রাইটিং সার্ভিস খুঁজছেন? তবে আমরাই আপনার সুনির্দিষ্ট ঠিকানা। আমরা দেশের সেরা কোম্পানি প্রোফাইল রাইটিং বিশেষজ্ঞদের একজন।
আমাদের টীমে রয়েছে প্রফেশনাল কপিরাইটার, এডিটর এবং প্রুফরিডার। এই অভিজ্ঞ টীম বিভিন্ন কোম্পানির প্রোফাইল প্রস্তুতের কাজ করছে।
আমরা ব্যবসায়িক পরিকল্পনা, রূপরেখা, নির্বাহী সারাংশ এবং আর্থিক প্রতিবেদন প্রস্তুত করি।
আপনি কল বা ই-মেইল করে আমাদের সাথে যোগাযোগ করতে পারেন।
একজন প্রোফাইল রাইটিং বিশেষজ্ঞ দিয়ে আপনার কোম্পানির প্রোফাইল লিখতে, +৮৮০১৬৭৩৩৭৫৫৯৪ এ আমাদের সাথে যোগাযোগ করুন
A well-written company profile can help you to grow your business. You can increase revenue, attract new clients, and have a successful year. It also gives you a chance to show your clients and prospects that you are knowledgeable, organized, and responsible.
A company profile describes the main products or services that it offers. Instead of focusing on the company itself, it focuses on what it does. It works as a marketing tool for the business online, and it will help customers find the company when they search for it.
Business profile writing service in Bangladesh
If you are an entrepreneur and looking for new clients, you should update your company profile for maximum visibility.
We guarantee 100% original and plagiarism-free content. Our writers stick to the no-tolerance for plagiarism policy. A team of editors proofread each word before finalizing it.
How long will it take to get my company profile written?
You will get an estimated delivery time when you issue a work order for the writing company profile. Our talented writers try to deliver the highest quality content in the given timeframe.
Company profile writing expert in Bangladesh
Are you looking for a company profile writing service? You are at the perfect website. We are one of the best company profile writing experts in Bangladesh.
We are a team of professional copywriters, editors, and proofreaders. A highly experienced team is continuously working on different company profiles.
We also provide business plan writing, executive summary writing, and financial report writing. Our services are highly affordable and of the highest quality.
You can reach us by calling or e-mailing.
To get a company profile service involving a profile writing expert, contact us at +8801673375594
প্রক্রিয়াজাত চিংড়ি, রসুন, শুকনা মরিচ, লবণ, রান্নার তেল এবং বিশেষ মশলায় প্রস্তুত কাস্টমাইজড বালাচাও সুপারশপের বালাচাও থেকে সম্পূর্ণ আলাদা।
চিংড়ি বালাচাও এর শেলফ লাইফ ২ মাসের বেশি। এর প্রতিটি উপাদানই ক্রিসপি। কোন প্রকার আর্দ্রতা নেই।
এর টেক্সচার দীর্ঘ সময়ের জন্য একই থাকে। মশলার ব্যবহার কোনোভাবেই এর ক্রিসপিনেসকে প্রভাবিত করে না।
আমাদের কাস্টমাইজড বালাচাও শুধুমাত্র চিংড়িপ্রেমীদের জন্যই নয়। মশলাপ্রেমীদের কাছেও প্রিয়।
অথেনটিক থাই স্বাদ উপভোগ করার জন্য রয়েছে থাই ওরিয়েন্টাল ক্যাটাগরি। ব্যবহার করতে পারবেন একটি অসাধারণ রান্নার উপকরণ হিসেবে।
মিক্সড ডাল, ফ্রাইড রাইস, খিচুড়ি, নুডুলস, হালিম, মুড়িঘন্টো, সবজি ইত্যাদির মত নিয়মিত খাবারের স্বাদ বাড়াতে আপনিও এই ক্রিসপি বালাচাও ব্যবহার করতে পারেন।
ঘরে তৈরি মশলায় প্রস্তুত হয় এই বালাচাও। যা বাড়িয়ে দেয় চিংড়ির স্বাদ। প্রিমিয়াম বালাচাও এর গোপন রহস্য কিন্তু এখানেই।
আপনি বালাচাওমেকার অফিসিয়াল ফেসবুক পেজ দেখতে পারেন। যোগাযোগ ০১৬৭৩৩৭৫৫৯৪
বর্তমানে বালাচাওমেকার প্রবাসীদের কাছেও দেশের ১ নং বালাচাও প্রস্তুতকারক ব্র্যান্ড।
প্রবাসে বালাচাও খেতে হলে সুপারশপ থেকেই সংগ্রহ করতে হয়। বাঙালি কমিউনিটি গুলোতেই বালাচাও এর বেশ চাহিদা। বিদেশি খাবারের ভিড়ে দেশি মাসালাদার বালাচাও যেন না হলেই নয়।
বিদেশে যে সকল বালাচাও পাওয়া যায় সেটা মূলত বার্মিজ অথবা মিয়ানমার থেকে সংগ্রহকৃত।
সুপারশপে পাওয়া বালাচাও পরিমাণে কম। দাম বেশি। তাই প্রবাসীরা দেশ থেকেই সংগ্রহ করতে চান দেশি চিংড়ির বালাচাও।
অনেকেই হোমমেড বালাচাও প্রস্তুত করেন। বালাচাও প্রস্তুতকারক হিসেবে বালাচাওমেকার অবস্থান প্রথম সারিতে।
বর্তমানে বালাচাওমেকার প্রবাসীদের কাছেও দেশের ১ নং বালাচাও প্রস্তুতকারক ব্র্যান্ড।
অধিকাংশ প্রবাসী যারা লন্ডন, আমেরিকা, অস্ট্রেলিয়া, কানাডা, সৌদি আরব, দুবাই থাকেন তারা বালাচাওমেকার থেকে বালাচাও সংগ্রহ করেন।
অধিকাংশই কাস্টমাইজড করে বালাচাও বানিয়ে নেন। নিয়ে যান বন্ধু-বান্ধব এবং আত্মীয়-স্বজনের জন্য।
মানসম্মত চিংড়ি শুঁটকি দিয়েই প্রস্তুত হয় ১০০% অর্গানিক শ্রিম্প বালাচাও।
বালাচাও প্রস্তুতে ব্যবহার হয় হোম-প্রসেসড স্পাইস। গোল্ডেন গার্লিক চিপস্ নিশ্চিত করে প্রিমিয়াম বালাচাও এর স্বাদ।
দীর্ঘ ৩ বছর ধরে বালাচাওমেকার সুনামের সাথে বিভিন্ন বালাচাও প্রস্তুত করছে।
বিশেষ কায়দায় প্রস্তুত অর্গানিক চিংড়ি বালাচাও হরহামেশা পোলাও, খিচুড়ি, চাইনিজ আইটেম, ফ্রাইড রাইস, নুডুলস, রামেন, মুড়িমাখা, চানাচুর, ঘন ডাল, সবজিসহ বিভিন্ন ভর্তার সাথে ব্যবহার হচ্ছে।
বালাচাওমেকার-এর রয়েছে স্ট্যান্ডার্ড, স্পাইসি, এক্সট্রা শ্রিম্প, থাই ওরিয়েন্টাল, রেড সিচুয়ান এবং কাশ্মীরি ক্যাটাগরি।
এছাড়া বালাচাও প্রস্তুতে ব্যবহার হয় হোম-প্রসেসড স্পাইস। গোল্ডেন গার্লিক এন্ড অনিওন চিপস্ নিশ্চিত করে প্রিমিয়াম বালাচাও এর স্বাদ।
দীর্ঘ ৩ বছর ধরে বালাচাওমেকার এর সুনামের সাথে বিভিন্ন বালাচাও প্রস্তুত করছে।
বিশেষ কায়দায় প্রস্তুত অর্গানিক চিংড়ি বালাচাও হরহামেশা পোলাও, খিচুড়ি, চাইনিজ আইটেম, ফ্রাইড রাইস, নুডুলস, রামেন, মুড়িমাখা, চানাচুর, ঘন ডাল, সবজিসহ বিভিন্ন ভর্তার সাথে ব্যবহার হচ্ছে।
বালাচাও মেকার-এর রয়েছে স্ট্যান্ডার্ড, স্পাইসি, এক্সট্রা শ্রিম্প, থাই ওরিয়েন্টাল, রেড সিচুয়ান এবং কাশ্মীরি ক্যাটাগরি।
ব্যবহারকৃত চিংড়ি শুটকি বাজারের চিংড়ি শুটকির চেয়ে অপেক্ষাকৃত উজ্জ্বল ও বেশী চকচকে।
শুঁটকিতে কোন প্রকার গন্ধ থাকে না। মেশানো হয় না কোন প্রকার রাসায়নিক দ্রব্য। এমনভাবে প্রসেসিং করা হয় যাতে ধুলাবালি থাকে না। ওজনে হালকা এবং স্বাদে ভালো। ব্যবহারকৃত চিংড়ি শুঁটকি বিষাক্ত ডিডিটি ও কৃষিজ কীটনাশকমুক্ত।
এছাড়া বালাচাও প্রস্তুতে ব্যবহার হয় হোম-প্রসেসড স্পাইস। গোল্ডেন গার্লিক এন্ড অনিওন চিপস্ নিশ্চিত করে প্রিমিয়াম বালাচাও এর স্বাদ।
দীর্ঘ ৩ বছর ধরে বালাচাওমেকার সুনামের সাথে বিভিন্ন বালাচাও প্রস্তুত করছে।
বিশেষ কায়দায় প্রস্তুত অর্গানিক চিংড়ি বালাচাও হরহামেশা পোলাও, খিচুড়ি, চাইনিজ আইটেম, ফ্রাইড রাইস, নুডুলস, রামেন, মুড়িমাখা, চানাচুর, ঘন ডাল, সবজিসহ বিভিন্ন ভর্তার সাথে ব্যবহার হচ্ছে।
বালাচাও মেকার-এর রয়েছে স্ট্যান্ডার্ড, স্পাইসি, এক্সট্রা শ্রিম্প, থাই ওরিয়েন্টাল, রেড সিচুয়ান এবং কাশ্মীরি ক্যাটাগরি।
স্বল্প বাজেটে অফিস ডেকোরেশন, কেবিনেট ডিজাইন, ফলস সিলিং ডিজাইন, ওয়ার্ক স্টেশন ডিজাইন, ফোল্ডিং ডোর মেকিং, শো-রুম ও রিটেইল শপ, স্টোর ডিজাইন সহ সকল ধরণের ইন্টেরিয়র সাপোর্ট দিয়ে থাকে ইন্টেরিয়র মিস্ত্রি।
ফ্ল্যাটবাড়ির ইন্টেরিয়র ডিজাইনে অনেক ব্যয় হয়। এমন ধারনাটি ঠিক না। এখন মধ্যবিত্তরাও নিজের ফ্ল্যাটে ইন্টেরিয়র ডিজাইন করছেন হরহামেশাই। ফ্ল্যাটের সাইজ বড় কিংবা ছোট যেমনই হোক।
যে কোনো বাজেটেই ইন্টেরিয়র ডেকোরেশন সম্ভব। কারণ ইন্টেরিয়র ডিজাইন কাস্টমাইজও করা সম্ভব। রুমের সাইজ ও স্পেস অনুসারে নির্ভর করে। মধ্যবিত্তদের জন্যই এই কাজটিই ঠিকঠাক করছেন ইন্টেরিয়র মিস্ত্রি।
ঘরের যে কোনো একটি দেয়ালেও ইন্টেরিয়র ডিজাইন সম্ভব। আপনি চাইলেই শুধুমাত্র আপনার বেডরুম বা ড্রয়িংরুমের ডিজাইন করতে পারেন। তাহলেই কিন্তু আপনার খরচ সাশ্রয় হয়ে যাচ্ছে।
ফ্ল্যাটবাড়ির ইন্টেরিয়র ওয়ার্কের জন্য আমাদের ওপর আপনি ভরসা রাখতে পারেন। সার্ভিস বুক করলেই আমাদের একজন এক্সপার্ট ডিজাইনার আপনার বাসা ভিজিট করবেন। আপনার ফ্ল্যাটের স্পেস মেজারমেন্ট করে কাজ ও খরচ সম্পর্কে জানানো হয়।
নির্দিষ্ট সময় অনুযায়ী কাজ শুরু ও শেষ করে আপনাকে সবকিছু বুঝিয়ে দিচ্ছে ইন্টেরিয়র মিস্ত্রি। ফলে আপনি থাকছেন নিশ্চিন্ত।
বিভিন্ন ইকোনমি প্যাকেজের অধীনে ইন্টেরিয়র মিস্ত্রি দিচ্ছে ইন্টেরিয়র ডেকোরেশনের সুযোগ। ৭৫ হাজার টাকা থেকে শুরু।
আমাদের ইকোনমি প্যাকেজের অধীনে সাশ্রয়ী মূল্যে ফ্ল্যাট-বাড়ির ইন্টেরিয়র সম্ভব।
আমাদের রয়েছে দক্ষ আর্কিটেক্ট ও হোম ডিজাইনার। রয়েছে দক্ষ ইন্টেরিয়র কর্মী। স্বল্প বাজেটে আপনার ঘরের ইন্টেরিয়র ডিজাইন করাই আমাদের লক্ষ্য।
সুন্দরভাবে সাজানো একটি পরিপাটি ফ্ল্যাট সবার পছন্দ। ঘরের সাঁজে আপনার হয়ত সে পরিমাণ বাজেট নেই। সহজ এবং সঠিক পরিকল্পনা নিয়েও স্বল্প বাজেটেই হতে পারে আপনার ফ্ল্যাটের ইন্টেরিয়র। আমরা এটি প্রমাণ করতে সক্ষম হয়েছি যে স্বল্প বাজেটে আপনার ফ্ল্যাট কিংবা বাড়ির ইন্টেরিয়র সম্ভব।
আমাদের ইকোনমি প্যাকেজের অধীনে সাশ্রয়ী মূল্যে ফ্ল্যাট-বাড়ির ইন্টেরিয়র সম্ভব। রয়েছে বেশ কিছু স্মার্ট ইন্টেরিয়র ডিজাইন গাইডলাইন। নতুনত্বের সঙ্গে এনে দিবে বাড়তি স্পেস। বাঁচিয়ে দিবে অপ্রয়োজনীয় খরচ।
আমাদের রয়েছে দক্ষ আর্কিটেক্ট ও হোম ডিজাইনার। রয়েছে দক্ষ ইন্টেরিয়র কর্মী। স্বল্প বাজেটে আপনার ঘরের ইন্টেরিয়র ডিজাইন করাই আমাদের লক্ষ্য। দেশ জুড়ে রয়েছে আমাদের এই সার্ভিস।
বিস্তারিত জানতে ০১৬৭৩৩৭৫৫৯৪
দক্ষ ইন্টেরিয়র মিস্ত্রি দিয়েই হউক আপনার স্বপ্নের বাড়ি, ফ্ল্যাট কিংবা অফিসের ইন্টেরিয়র ডেকোরেশন। যেকোন ধরনের রেসিডেন্সিয়াল, কমার্শিয়াল ইন্টেরিয়র ডেকোরেশন এবং হোম ফার্নিশিং হবে আপনার বাজেট অনুসারেই।
A well-written company profile can help you to grow your business. You can increase revenue, attract new clients, and have a successful year. It also gives you a chance to show your clients and prospects that you are knowledgeable, organized, and responsible.
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Company profile writing expert in Bangladesh
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A business profile describes the main products or services that it offers. Instead of focusing on the company itself, it focuses on what it does. It works as a marketing tool for the business online, and it will help customers find the company when they search for it. If you are an entrepreneur and looking for new clients, you should update your business profile for maximum visibility.
Business profile writing service in Bangladesh
A unique business profile can help you to grow your business. You can increase revenue, attract new clients, and have a successful year. It also gives you a chance to show your clients and prospects that you are knowledgeable, organized, and responsible.
A business Profile is essential for your service, but most entrepreneurs don’t know how to create them. We cover the basics of what they are and why they’re significant.
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Business profile writing expert in Bangladesh
Are you looking for business profile writing services? If yes, then you are at the perfect website. Zulker Naeen is one of the best business profile writing experts in Bangladesh.
We are a team of professional copywriters, editors, and proofreaders.
Zulker Naeen usually supervises a highly experienced team of business profile writers. They are experts in this field. They have years of experience in business profile writing and have written many business profiles for different companies.
The services also provide business plan writing, executive summary writing, and financial report writing. Our services are highly affordable and of the highest quality. You can reach us by calling or emailing.
The use of renewable has been seen as viable alternatives to meet the existing demand for power supply for both Nepal and Bangladesh. Despite huge potentials, both countries have yet to exploit solar energy to meet the energy needs.
This article is a joint publication by Sudeep Ghimire and Zulker Naeen Date of Publish: Oct 06, 2017
In 2015, Nepal and the World Bank signed an agreement to invest USD 130 million to develop a 25 MW solar project that is likely to be connected to the national grid.
It is one of the largest renewable energy plant planned in Nepal, is one of the least developed countries, with more than 80% of its population residing in rural areas.
It has no oil, gas, or coal reserves, and its energy sector depends on traditional energy sources like firewood, crop residues, and animal dung for domestic use.
The majority of rural populations meet their energy needs by burning biomass in traditional stoves, and mostly fossil-derived fuels are imported. Also, the continuous increase of petroleum imports harms its fragile economy.
The sources of renewable energy are mini and micro hydropower, solar energy, various forms of biomass energy, biogas and wind energy etc. But still, around 85% of the total final energy consumption in Nepal is met by traditional biomass energy. 28% of households in Nepal do not have access to electricity.
Nepal aims to achieve universal access to clean, reliable and affordable renewable energy solutions by 2030. It is expected to reduce dependence on traditional and imported energy by increasing access to renewable energy.
The use of solar energy is more reliable than traditional electricity in Nepal. Private installations of solar panels are more frequent in urban areas used as a backup during power outages.
On average, Nepal has 6.8 sunshine hours per day with the intensity of solar radiation ranging from 3.9 to 5.1 kWh per meter square, with a commercial potential of solar power for grid connection estimated to be 2,100 MW.
In 2015, Nepal and the World Bank signed an agreement to invest USD 130 million to develop a 25 MW solar project, will eventually be connected to the national grid. It is the largest renewable energy plant planned in the country. The wind potential is available in the mountainous region. Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment project has attempted to map the wind resource potential in Nepal, shown a prospect of wind energy with the prediction of about 3,000 MW of wind energy.
Despite its hydro-dominant policies, Nepal has established a semi-autonomous agency called the Alternative Energy Promotion Centre in 1996. It claims that more than 1.5 million families got access to electricity using renewable energy sources, especially in off-grid areas.
Meanwhile, rapid urbanization fueled by stable economic growth has already created a huge energy demand in Bangladesh, where electricity is the widely used form of energy.
At present, about 72% of the total population have access to electricity. Bangladesh is starving for energy for the last few decades since its power generation mostly depends on imported fossil fuel and natural gas. The present government has increased electricity generation, yet the grid electricity to the remote areas is difficult because of the lack of longstanding distribution facilities.
Bangladesh is hosting the fastest growing Solar Home System program in the world. Over 50,000 Solar Home System unit installed per month in the recent past. As of 2017, Bangladesh has the world’s biggest Solar Home System programme with about 5 million.
Over 30 million people are dependent on solar energy creating employment for over 100,000 people. It’s an off-grid success and over 12 per cent of the population outside the grid network is getting access to electricity through the installation of more than 4.5 million solar-home systems.
Bangladesh enjoys average solar radiation between 4 and 6.5 kilowatt-hours (kWh) per square meter per day and blessed with year-round sunshine. In terms of rural renewable energy development, the country has made significant progress by installing Solar Home Systems in off-grid areas.
Back in 1996, it became popular among the rural people for its affordable monthly instalment facility at the price of kerosene. It became a successful financial model for rural development.
A strong network of supply chain and branches also help Solar Home System become popular and acceptable.
A community-based solar approach such as solar irrigation pumps, solar mini-grid, arsenic water treatment plants, and solar street lights have the potential of solar energy. These are engaging the community people by ensuring food security, arsenic-free pure water, and improved socio-economic conditions in off-grid areas of Bangladesh.
However, Bangladesh solar mission is designed to achieve SDGs by 2030.
To facilitate thousands of rural villages through the next decade, moving towards renewable energy can bring a smile to the rural population by developing agricultural output, offering food security, providing modern facilities, creating new businesses and jobs for both men and women.
Bangladesh’s solar mission may gradually guide the nation towards renewable energy and become the first solar nation by 2041.
The go-for renewables for both countries depend on continuous government and donor support and public-private partnerships. The extension of natural resources based on electricity is always perilous for the environment than renewable energy.
The use of renewables has been seen as viable alternatives to meet the existing demand for power supply for both countries. Despite huge potentials, both countries have yet to exploit solar energy to meet the energy needs.
Climate Migration And Health Hazards In Bangladesh – Analysis
Most parts of South Asia are both highly populated and highly exposed to the impacts of climate change. Bangladesh is one of those areas that receive the utmost attention because of climate risks and climate migration. It is likely about 15 million people from Bangladesh only could be on the move by 2050 because of climate migration.
Most parts of South Asia are both highly populated and highly exposed to the impacts of climate change. Bangladesh is one of those areas that receive the utmost attention because of climate risks and climate migration. It is likely about 15 million people from Bangladesh only could be on the move by 2050 because of climate migration.
The Ganges–Brahmaputra Delta has identified as the hot spots of climate change in this region. It is a particularly low-lying and therefore vulnerable coastal zone.
Internal migration is happening in Bangladesh; large populations are already being displaced or have decided to migrate due to cyclones and riverbank erosion. We found migration from the southern region Satkhira, Kuakata, Shoronkhola, and Potuakhali.
Climate change is likely to increase migration out of the western and southern districts of Bangladesh. Those districts are prone to drought, floods, and cyclones.
Floods and tropical storms are reasons for internal migration in Bangladesh. There is also evidence of abrupt, short-range population movement can, at least indirectly, also influence longer-range migration. Therefore, the effect of climatic drivers has a drastic impact on livelihoods in Bangladesh.
Soil and water salinization and riverbank erosions are some of the other causes of migration in Bangladesh. It put an additional strain on people’s livelihoods and physical health.
Among the drivers of migration are also tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal, which could increase in intensity by 2050 due to climate change under a business-as-usual scenario.
In a 4°C world, a sea-level rise of 62 cm by 2080 could result in a loss of 13% of Bangladesh’s coastal land area and lead to flooding of 20% more land than currently.
However, a 15 cm sea level rise by 2030 would lead to 3% of land loss and 6% of total flooded area increase. Sea level rise will likely increase the risk of health hazards, mostly diarrhoea and cholera. Cholera germs find a more favourable habitat and are spreading in the coastal area.
Vibrio cholera is the causing microbe of cholera. It survives longer with the salinity level of the water ranging from 2.5 ppt to 30 ppt. Thus, sea-level rise, by increasing flood risk, increases the risk of cholera outbreak too. Increasing salinity levels also lead to increased incidences of hypertension in the coastal areas. It is a significant problem for expecting women and can even cause involuntary fetus abortion.
Increased average temperatures could prolong peak periods for vector-borne diseases, and extreme weather events, including cyclones and floods, may cause explosive outbreaks.
Internal migration can lead to increases in diseases, poor nutritional status resulting from overcrowding, a lack of safe water, food, and shelter.
In Bangladesh, like other effects on health, population displacement may create conditions conducive to outbreaks of infectious diseases, further increasing the potential for transmission of vector-borne disease and hindering the future control of a disease.
Climate migration in Bangladesh has no clear jurisdiction so far; however, its progress will be the next challenge for the government. Still, it is unclear how the government will feed, house or find enough clean water for vast numbers of climate refugees in a country of 163 million people crammed into an area merely 56,977 mi² area.
Bangladesh should change the cultivation practices to boost food security, plant large areas of forest in flood-prone areas to cope with the emerging problems.
However, climate change now poses a significant risk to human health, even if mitigation actions have taken globally.
Adaptation measures will be needed in the coming decades to buffer some of the significant effects on human health.
Bangladesh struggles to protect the threatened Bengal tiger population in Sundarbans, with unchecked poaching blamed for the alarmingly low numbers.
The big cats continue to be a “critically endangered” species, experts say.
“We have to stop poaching in the mangrove forests. In the past year alone, three unnatural deaths of the tiger is unfortunate,” M. A. Aziz, a zoology professor at the Jahangirnagar University of Bangladesh.
Tiger poaching is the reason for the significant fall in numbers, causes 97 per cent of the population lost in the past 100 years.
In the 2018 tiger census, there are 114 Bengal tigers in the Sundarbans, a slight increase from the 106 reported in the previous year. However, it is a dreadful fall in numbers since 2004, when the tiger population was 440.
Experts say the conservation of the big cat is in progress.
“We are continuously working to raise the tiger population, and our efforts are yielding good results as the latest census says tigers increased by eight,” Modinul Ahsan, a deputy project director with Bangladesh Forest Development.
In recent years, authorities have carried out round-the-clock smart patrols in the forests to create safe breeding environments for the tigers.
The forest department is in the progress of a tiger conservation project to be in place by early 2021 at an estimated cost of $400,000.
As part of the project, it will conduct the camera-trapping census again. Efforts will be to relocate the tigers once the project is in place.
About 1 million people in the neighbouring areas of the Sundarbans depend on the forest for their livelihoods. However, the government declared a large portion of the mangrove as a reserve forest.
The Tiger population is at risk in Sundarbans. A total of 38 tigers died in the last 20 years in Bangladesh Sundarbans. Last five months, two more tigers died of old age reasons in the Sundarbans.
Between 2001 and July 2020, 38 tigers died, 22 in the East Division and 16 in the West Division of the Sundarbans.
However, last year, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change said the number of Royal Bengal Tiger in Bangladesh part of the Sundarbans increased to 114 from 106.
The latest Tiger Survey conducted in 2018 claims there were 114 tigers in the Sundarbans.
Climate change exposes Sundarbans tiger habitats.
Royal Bengal tigers in the Bangladesh Sundarbans could be wiped off by 2070 because of climate change and sea-level rise.
Researchers forecast a Ceriops-dominated mangrove stretch along the India-Bangladesh border would potentially be the last refuge of the big cats in the Sundarbans.
Bangladesh and Australian researchers have conducted this study. The journal Science of The Total Environment published it.
“Our studies show a rapid falling-off the Royal Bengal tiger population and suitable tiger habitats in the Bangladesh Sundarbans area by 2050,” said the corresponding author of the study, Sharif A. Mukul.
With more than 10,000 square kilometres of areas, the Sundarbans region of Bangladesh and India is the most critical area for Bengal tiger survival.
“We found that climate change has a higher impact on Bengal tiger in Sundarbans rather than the sea level rise alone,” said Mukul, an assistant professor at Independent University, Bangladesh.
The study considered sea level rise as a consequence of climate change. The researchers examined suitable tiger habitats in the mangrove ecosystem where the tigers prefer to live. This space along the India and Bangladesh borders in the Sundarbans and is the site of Bangladesh’s Sundarban West Wildlife Sanctuary.
In Bangladesh Sundarbans, the three wildlife sanctuaries are Sundarban West, South and East. These sanctuaries cover around 23 per cent of the total Sundarbans reserved forest owned by the Bangladesh Forest Department.
The sanctuary of the Sundarbans increased from 139,700 hectares to 317,900 hectares among 601,700 hectares of forest area.
Considering this fact, it is inadequate. We know Sundarbans is the largest wild habitat of Bengal tigers and the only place where tigers are adapted to live in mangrove ecosystems.
Climate change predictions to determine the impact on tigers
In both scenarios, the combination of climate change and sea-level rise will lead to the total loss of Bengal tiger habitats in the area.
Important factors linked to this decline are rainfall in the summer season, vegetation (mangrove species) and maximum temperature of the warmest month.
The reason could be the control of Ceriops Decandra species of mangroves in this border stretch where salinity is relatively higher than the rest of the Sundarbans. Climate change would drive a tree species shift and also trigger extreme weather events adding to the effects of sea-level rise.
Health decline of Sundari trees in Sundarbans
However, there is no significant decline in the number of mangroves in the Sundarbans for the last 30 years. However, there is evidence of a 25% health decline of the mangrove trees. And, it is due to the effect of increased salinity on the Sundari tree. But the continuing climate change could critically hamper its ability to reborn.
Most significantly, the ‘top-dying disease’ is a cause for declining 15% of trees in the Sundarbans since the 80s.
Unfavourably, the Sundari tree is less tolerant of high salinity levels than other mangrove species and has previously identified as suffering from die-back due to rising salinity.
Tiger conservation
The government of Bangladesh should prioritise tiger conservation by designating more areas for tiger conservation, create corridors for transboundary tiger movements.
The fate will be the same in entire Sundarbans if the governments don’t take the necessary action to conserve and allow more areas dedicated to tiger conservation. Transboundary conservation measures by the Bangladesh and Indian governments are urgent.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker and a freelance climate journalist.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network that closely works on Climate Change.
A Harsh Reality Of Bangladesh: Water Security, Salinity Intrusion, And Internal Migration
Over the past 35 years, salinity intrusion in Bangladesh has increased by about 26 per cent, with the affected area expanding each year. A combination of tidal flooding, inundation by storm surges and saltwater intrusion has led to a rise in salinity in the groundwater and the fresh-water ponds.
In recent years, development experts around the world are intensely concerned about water security. According to FAO, a third of the world’s population depends on groundwater. The UN has already warned of the danger of overusing these reserves. Groundwater reserves in part of India’s Ganges basin could be drained dry within decades, it says.
However, we are overlooking the harsh reality of Bangladesh.
The melting of glaciers and snowpack in the Himalayas has swollen the rivers that flow into Bangladesh from Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, and India. Also, India diverts large quantities of water for irrigation during the dry season and release most water during the monsoon season.
The Ganges–Brahmaputra Delta already has identified as one of the hot spots of climate change effects. It laid Bangladesh in a most vulnerable situation, which has already brought droughts that lead to acute water shortages and affect agricultural output.
Equally, Bangladesh has to face a severe flood every four to five years. Rapid erosion of coastal areas has inundated dozens of islands in the Bay. Last two decades, we have already lost 90 per cent of Sandwip Island’s original 23-square-miles. In recent years, riverbank erosion is displacing between 50,000 and 200,000 people annually.
Among other South Asian countries, Bangladesh should receive the utmost attention because of climate risks and water security. It is expected, about 15 million people from Bangladesh only could be on the move by 2050 because of climate migration.
Over the past 35 years, salinity intrusion in Bangladesh has increased by about 26 per cent, with the affected area expanding each year. A combination of tidal flooding, inundation by storm surges and saltwater intrusion has led to a rise in salinity in the groundwater and the fresh-water ponds.
About 70 per cent of people in the region depend on pond water for drinking and domestic use, as the groundwater is extreme saline, according to Golam Rabbani, a fellow at the Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies.
According to the World Bank, climate change is likely to increase river and groundwater salinity dramatically by 2050 and exacerbate shortages of drinking water and irrigation in the southwest coastal areas of Bangladesh.
It will adversely affect the livelihoods of at least 2.9 million poor people in a region where 2.5 million people are already struggling with a lack of water.
“We can’t drink the saline water, can’t take a bath with it. If the utensils washed with this water, they get damaged, even for cooking, we have to bring water from far,” says Khadija. The impact of the acute drinking water crisis in Bangladesh is borne disproportionately by women who, like Khadija, are the family members traditionally responsible for collecting water.
Already, internal migration has observed strongly; a large population is already being displaced or has decided to migrate due to water salinization, cyclones and riverbank erosion. We found many migration stories from the southern region Satkhira, Kuakata, Shoronkhola, and Potuakhali district of the country.
The increasing salinity of the soil in coastal villages has not just made safe drinking water hard to come by; it has also made rice farming, the region’s traditional occupation, nearly impossible. Landless labourers face livelihood challenges and have large households with many dependents who are most likely to migrate. Rabbani explains. “About 90 per cent of the people who migrate are men, leaving the female members of the household behind.”
According to the World Bank, it has estimated that 400,000 people from different parts of Bangladesh move to Dhaka each year. International Organization for Migration surveyed 160 migrant households in Dhaka, around 66 per cent said that they migrated because of changing climate conditions and environmental hazards.
However, sea-level rise has resulted in the loss of hundreds of acres of mangroves across coastal Bangladesh. Further loss of mangrove habitat, especially in the Sundarbans, means that Bangladesh will lose one of its last natural defences against climate change-induced super-cyclones.
Engineering adaptations to climate change, such as the construction of dykes is not a sustainable solution in Bangladesh because the soils are sandy and constantly shifting. However, it has financed 4,000 miles of coastal embankment projects to adapt to climate change.
So, Bangladesh needs to send the message out loud and clear to the entire world about the absolute need to confront this harsh reality head-on.
Zulker Naeen, the writer, a communication graduate from the University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB), is a freelance journalist at Climate Tracker. naeenzulker@gmail.com
References
Bagri, N. (2017). Bangladesh’s water crisis: A story of gender. Doha: Aljazeera.
Bhalla, N. (2018). World Has Not Woken Up to Water Crisis Caused by Climate Change. New Delhi: Thomson Reuters Foundation.
Glennon, R. (2017). The Unfolding Tragedy of Climate Change in Bangladesh. New York: Scientific American.
Gremmel, R. (2018). The world’s taps are rapidly running dry. Johannesburg: Mail & Guardian.
Poaching and Illegal trade of spotted deer in Sundarbans
Sundarbans, the world’s largest mangrove forest, has recently turned into a sanctuary for deer poachers. A significant number of media reported on the poaching of spotted deers at different parts of the Sundarbans.
Consequently, forest division and law enforcement groups have arrested around 63 professional poachers and recovered a significant number of hunting trap made of snares, venison, deer heads and deer hides in separate drives.
Village resident, poachers, shikaris, trappers and pirates are involved most in such illegal poaching of deer.
Sundarbans provides livelihoods for three to five million people from the southwest coastal belt of Bangladesh. It is also the home to the Royal Bengal Tiger; however, illegal poaching and wildlife trade are the top factors that affect the biodiversity of Sundarbans.
Unanimously, a gang of over 30 jungle pirates are active in wildlife killing and illegal fee collection from local forest resource of Sundarbans.
To protect biodiversity, the forest department is the steward of wildlife and natural resources of the Sundarbans. However, the team has limited survival resources, minimal logistical support, and security to conduct their work. Despite these challenges, one of the priority interventions is to advance patrol-monitoring systems in the Sundarbans.
Moreover, wildlife trading of hides and skins, teeth and other bones, venison is taking place. However, such activities are illegal and are necessary to stop the trading of wildlife products.
Climate change has already caused numerous shifts in biodiversity and changes the livings of the local people. Besides, the rising sea levels, frequent cyclones, and the increasing salinity in the water and soil have a severe impact on the livelihoods of the coastal people.
This study will try to find how local people are influencing the wildlife trade. Why are they making them involved in this illegal trade?
Objectives of this study
To review the published articles on the poaching and illegal trade of wildlife in Sundarbans.
To prioritise the issues discussed in those reports.
To prepare an own datasheet to trace the severity of the poaching and illegal trade.
To review the existing laws to protect the poaching and illegal trading of the wildlife.
To find the key reasons why the poaching and illegal trade of wildlife is taking place.
Poaching is a high-priority threat to the spotted deer in the region, but studies have explored deer-killing behaviour in villages and the link between the trade of venisons and deer killing. There has been no research on the range of people involved, their motives and methods, and their relations to the commercial trade.
We aim to establish who is killing spotted deers, why and how, to design more effective conservation interventions that complement existing law-enforcement efforts.
This study is rare in the literature on deer conservation but provides essential baseline information upon which an effective strategy likely to implement for deer protection.
About Zulker Naeen
Zulker Naeen covers stories of climate change-induced food insecurity, natural calamities, and migration. As a citizen of one of the most climate-vulnerable nations, Zulker focuses his work on climate change. He works with the Climate Tracker to report climate resiliency for vulnerable women and access to climate finance.
Zulker involves in the Climate Tracker South Asia network, which improves the environmental consciousness of youth.
Naeen is also one of the Bangladeshi to win the South Asia Fellowship under Climate Tracker, is a global media network that closely works on Climate Change.
Zulker is also a Train the Trainer certified journalist who can design any climate change journalism course.
Zulker Naeen has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff. As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change.
Articles By Zulker Naeen A Portfolio of Freelance Journalism
Zulker Naeen is a freelance journalist, usually writes on environmental and climate change issues.
He covers stories of climate change-induced food insecurity, natural calamities, and migration. As a citizen of one of the most climate-vulnerable nations, he works closely with the Climate Tracker to report climate resiliency for children and grassroots women.
He actively involves with the Climate Tracker South Asia network, which makes him an environmental conscious youth.
Zulker is also one of the South Asia Fellows under Climate Tracker, is a global media network of Climate Change.
He is one of the Train the Trainer Certified Journalists, can offer any effective climate change communication, empower qualified journalists to deliver training on the major climate journalism topics and establish a certification process for journalists.
He has a master’s degree in Communications and a bachelor’s degree in Media Studies and Journalism from the University of Liberal Arts, Bangladesh.
He has contributed to many course development with the support of other Climate Tracker staff. As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change.
Communicating Climate Change is to promote knowledge on climate change issues and to cover journalism skills. We’re opening this extensive course to prepare the next climate journalist.
Zulker Naeen is opening up a course to prepare the next journalist to promote Climate Journalism in Bangladesh.
Published Articles by Zulker Naeen
Here are the published stories by Zulker Naeen.
He focuses his writings on renewable energy, climate and health, energy access, energy democracy, climate migration, loss and damage, solar irrigation, and vector-borne disease.
This article is on the low level of solar power development achieved in 2018 by Bangladesh. It would be impractical to believe that the solar power development in Bangladesh would reach anything near the projected target by 2021.
This article is on how Bangladesh in a most vulnerable situation in terms of water security in recent years, salinity intrusion in the coastal region, and internal migration.
This article is about ‘Energy Democracy’. It explains how ‘energy democracy’ is the next tipping point to improve the quality of life for the world’s most disadvantaged and poor.
This article has emphasized the natural climate solution can help address climate change in three ways: reducing greenhouse gas emissions, capturing and storing additional carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and improving the resilience of ecosystems.
This article tries to explain the concept of energy democracy in Bangladesh. It tries to understand this concept, where Bangladesh may consider energy as—both fossil fuels and renewable.
This article has illustrated how opting for more coal-fired power plants is threatening the programme of cutting greenhouse gas emissions. However, the expansion of coal is on the costs without factoring in health and environmental impacts.
This article is on the latest round of UN climate talks and the clear direction on climate adaptation measurements and climate finance in vulnerable countries. It also describes the uncertainty while there is no estimate of how much money is needed by countries suffering climate change-induced loss and damage now and in the future.
This article is on “Loss and Damage”, a focal dialogue of the international climate policy arena. However, the workstream to create the Paris rulebook doesn’t include ‘Loss and Damage’ as an agenda point. It also illustrates how vulnerable countries are in confusion about the progress of climate negotiation.
This article is on “Loss and Damage” Insurance, to provide insurance to 400 million poor and vulnerable people by 2020. It also illustrates why this insurance scheme is not a safety net for the vulnerable countries which are still in confusion about the progress of climate negotiation.
This article has briefly discussed ‘Loss and Damage’, considered as a third pillar in the worldwide effort to combat climate change, along with mitigation and adaptation.
This report is on the recent threats to food security because of the damage caused by two successive floods: the flash flood during April and the monsoon flood since late June.
This report is on internal migration and health hazards in Bangladesh. It also describes how Bangladesh has received the utmost attention because of climate risks and climate.
This report is on the groundbreaking success of the solar irrigation system in Bangladesh. It describes how farmers are moving in solar-run irrigation pumps instead of the diesel pump.
A new way of extracting groundwater using solar energy has opened up a new door in the agriculture sector of Bangladesh. This article described how solar energy in irrigation becomes popular owing to cost-effective financing and innovative business model.
This article is about the current growth of renewable energy in Bangladesh and Nepal. It also explains why renewable sources can be a viable alternative for the existing power supply for both countries.
This article is about the current growth of renewable energy in two South Asian countries, Bangladesh and Nepal. It also explains how renewable sources can be a viable alternative to meet the existing demand for power supply for both countries.
This article is about the success of the solar irrigation system in Bangladesh. This report also describes how Bangladesh has emphasized RE and its current progress.
This article is about the coal disillusion in Bangladesh and Kenya, emphasized how both Rampal and Lamu coal-fired plants are also sending the wrong message to the world through an intensified move on more coal-fired power plants.
This article is about the coal disillusion in Asia, emphasized how Bangladesh is also sending the wrong message to the world through an intensified move on more coal-fired power plants.
Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity Access and Wildlife Trade
Here is the context of a series report under several case studies on Sundarbans, which will analyse the impact of climate change on biodiversity access and wildlife trade.
Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest of the world, provides livelihoods for three to five million people from the southwest coastal belt of Bangladesh. It is also the home to the Royal Bengal Tiger, a great source of pride for Bangladesh. As a top predator and flagship species, the tiger plays a significant role to protect Sundarbans biodiversity.
However, illegal poaching and wildlife trade are the top factors affecting tiger populations. A gang of over 30 jungle pirates are active in tiger killing and illegal fee collection from local forest resource of Sundarbans.
To protect biodiversity, the forest department is the steward of wildlife and natural resources of the Sundarbans. However, the team has limited survival resources, minimal logistical support, and security to conduct their work. Despite these challenges, one of the priority interventions is to advance patrol monitoring systems in the Sundarbans.
The national park laws regulate the access to natural resources of Sundarbans. So, it is hard to monitor due to its landscape and tidal nature, dangerous animals and pirate activities along the Bay of Bengal.
Moreover, wildlife trading of hides and skins, teeth and other bones, bushmeat is taking place. It is necessary to stop the illegal trading of wildlife products.
Besides, the Sundarbans faces several challenges due to climate change. With rising sea levels, islands are disappearing, and the increasing salinity in the water and soil has severely threatened the health of mangrove forests and the quality of soil and crops.
Climate change has already produced numerous shifts in biodiversity and changes the livings of the local people.
Forests and agricultural systems are vulnerable to increased disease and pest outbreaks as a result of changing climate.
In these backdrops, this team aim to work with different cases on the Sundarbans.
This team will closely monitor the impact of climate change on the biodiversity of the Sundarbans.
They will try to find why local people are influencing the wildlife trade.
This project is a joint project by Zulker Naeen, a south Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker and Mahfuzur Rahman, a special correspondent at Anada TV.
About Zulker Naeen
Zulker Naeen covers stories of climate change-induced food insecurity, natural calamities, and migration. As a citizen of one of the most climate-vulnerable nations, Zulker focuses his work on climate change. He works with the Climate Tracker to report climate resiliency for vulnerable women and access to climate finance.
Zulker involves in the Climate Tracker South Asia network, which improves the environmental consciousness of youth.
Naeen is also one of the Bangladeshi to win the South Asia Fellowship under Climate Tracker, is a global media network that closely works on Climate Change.
Zulker is also a Train the Trainer certified journalist who can design any climate change journalism course.
Zulker Naeen has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff. As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change.
About Mahfuzur Rahman
Mahfuzur Rahman is a special correspondent at Anada TV and Millennium TV USA. His portfolio has more than fourteen years of experience in local journalism amid five years of Sundarban issues.
He covers stories of Sundarbans and natural disasters of coastal areas of Bangladesh. As a correspondent of Bagerhat, Mahfuz focuses his work on Sundarbans and grassroots. He works with the different national media to report climate and environmental issues.
He teamed up with Zulker Naeen on a project focused on Sundarbans and climate change.
Climate Change in UNICEF’s Planning and Programming
In 2016 UNICEF developed an introductory course on Children and Climate Change in collaboration with the One UN Climate Change Learning Partnership (UNCC: Learn). At that time few professionals working in child development felt that they adequately understood the impacts that climate change has on the expected results of country programming.
This 3-hour course was widely distributed both within UNICEF and externally with more than 15,000 enrolments and 5,000 certificates of completion issued.
With the recognition of the growing importance of climate change as one of the fundamental development issues of our time, UNICEF wishes to build on this introductory course with a new and more applied course focusing on good practices in integrating climate change into country programming.
Why Integrating Climate Change in UNICEF’s Planning and Programming?
Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of our time. In this course, you will discover the stark realities of climate change impacts across the world, as well as inspiring insights into opportunities for ensuring that we mitigate the risks and adapt our systems as best possible to reduce damage and destruction to lives and livelihoods. This course will remind us that tackling climate change is not only something to do for our children, but with them, and sometimes with them leading the way.
With a specific focus on UNICEF’s work and programming, this course will provide examples of the specific impacts of climate change on children. The course aims to inspire increased climate change action among professionals engaged in-country programming and will allow you to explore the many tools and resources that you and your organization have to support your efforts—and the involvement of youth in your specific work areas. You will learn about some of the outstanding work happening in the education sector in Viet Nam, one of many countries hard hit by climate change. Finally, you’ll learn about the innovative work being done to fund climate change action and how to ensure you and your organization can successfully access and advocate for the resources you need.
Thank you for being part of the movement to save lives and build stronger, more resilient tomorrows!
Target Audience
This course aims to train Development professionals engaged in UNICEF programming including UNICEF staff, UNICEF National Committees, government officials and UNICEF partner organisations.
Course Learning Objectives
Describe why climate change matters for UNICEF and the interlinkages with UNICEF’s core programmatic areas.
Explain the key planning tools used at the country level to integrate climate change into country planning and programming efforts (e.g. SitAn, CLAC, GRIP).
Analyse examples of how planning tools have been used to integrate climate change into Country Office programming including in the area of WASH.
Describe the role of sectoral tools and frameworks in integrating climate change into programming, for example in the areas of WASH and Education.
Explain the key principles for designing climate programmes/projects and accessing climate finance.
Course at a glance
Module 1: Why Climate Change Matters for UNICEF and the World
Lesson 1: Climate Change is a Children’s Issue Lesson 2: It Starts With You
Module 2: Stimulating Engagement
Lesson 1: Technical Tools and Resources Lesson 2: Progress in Viet Nam: Integrating Climate Change into Education Programming
Module 3: Understanding Means of Implementation
Lesson 1: Financing Climate Change Action
Module 4: Wrap-up and Review
Assessment Evaluation
Articles by Zulker Naeen
Here are the stories of the renewable energy of Bangladesh. Zulker focuses his writings on the success of solar energy and the use of energy efficiently in Bangladesh. He works with the Climate Tracker to report climate resiliency for vulnerable women and access to climate finance.
He involves in the Climate Tracker South Asia network, which improves the environmental consciousness of youth.
Is solar irrigation a groundbreaking success for Bangladesh?
It is a story on the new way of extracting groundwater using solar energy in Bangladesh. The use of solar energy in irrigation is now owing to cost-effective financing and an innovative business model.
Success on Solar Irrigation System in Bangladesh yet to achieve
This report is on the groundbreaking success of the solar irrigation system in Bangladesh. It describes how farmers are moving in solar-run irrigation pumps instead of the diesel pump.
Climate Change and Spread of Dengue and Malaria in Asia
Brief of the article: This article is about ‘Energy Democracy’. As energy access recognised as a key struggle for justice in the world, the concept of ‘energy democracy’ hence can be the next tipping point to improve the quality of life for the world’s most disadvantaged and poor.
A Portfolio of Environment and Climate Change Journalism
Here are the published stories of the renewable energy of Bangladesh. Zulker focuses his writings on the success of solar energy and the use of energy efficiently in Bangladesh. His reports focused on the concept of ‘Energy Democracy’.
Zulker works with the Climate Tracker to report climate resiliency for vulnerable women and access to climate finance.
His portfolio involves in the Climate Tracker South Asia network, which improves the environmental consciousness of youth.
Brief of the article: This article is about ‘Energy Democracy’. As energy access is a key struggle for justice in the world, the concept of ‘energy democracy’ hence can be the next tipping point to improve the quality of life for the world’s most disadvantaged and poor.
A Harsh Reality of Bangladesh: Water Security, Salinity Intrusion, and Internal Migration
Brief of the article: This article is on how Bangladesh in a most vulnerable situation in terms of water security in recent years, salinity intrusion in the coastal region, and internal migration which has been increased already.
Is solar irrigation a groundbreaking success for Bangladesh?
It is a story on the new way of extracting groundwater using solar energy in Bangladesh. The use of solar energy in irrigation is now owing to cost-effective financing and an innovative business model.
Success on Solar Irrigation System in Bangladesh yet to achieve
This report is on the groundbreaking success of the solar irrigation system in Bangladesh. It describes how farmers are moving in solar-run irrigation pumps instead of the diesel pump.
Climate Change and Spread of Dengue and Malaria in Asia
This report describes how climate change creating new uncertainties for human exposure to vector-borne diseases like dengue fever and malaria.
A Portfolio of Environment and Climate Change Journalism
Here is the portfolio of Zulker Naeen, a freelance journalist, on environmental and climate change issues.
Zulker Naeen covers stories of climate change-induced food insecurity, natural calamities, and migration. As a citizen of one of the most climate-vulnerable nations, Zulker focuses his work on climate change. He works with the Climate Tracker to report climate resiliency for vulnerable women and access to climate finance.
His portfolio involves the Climate Tracker South Asia network, which improves the environmental consciousness of youth.
Zulker is also one of the Bangladeshi to win the South Asia Fellowship under Climate Tracker, is a global media network that closely works on Climate Change.
Zulker has completed the Train the Trainer: Effective Climate Change Communication, an initiative to convert this workshop resource into replicable modules, to empower qualified journalists to deliver training on the major climate journalism topics, and to establish a certification process for journalists.
He has a master’s degree in Communications and a bachelor’s degree in Media Studies and Journalism from the University of Liberal Arts, Bangladesh.
He has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff. As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change.
Communicating Climate Change is to promote knowledge on climate change issues and to cover journalism skills. We’re opening this extensive course to prepare the next climate journalist.
To promote Climate Journalism in Bangladesh, Zulker Naeen is opening up a course to prepare the next journalist. With this great objective, a team will run a three-month campaign to introduce this course among students with an extensive collaboration of the interested partners.
Moreover, this campaign aims to teach students between graduate and post-graduate.
A social media campaign will run to promote this course. University faculty, expert, practitioners, and journalist will engage with this initiative.
Key objectives of this course:
1. To give basic knowledge on climate change issues
2. To guide the participants on climate journalism topics
3. To launch a certification process for participants who wish to publish an article as a trainee journalist.
A Portfolio of Environment and Climate Change Journalism
Here is the portfolio of Zulker Naeen, a freelance journalist, his focus is on environmental and climate change issues.
Zulker Naeen covers stories of climate change-induced food insecurity, natural calamities, and migration. As a citizen of one of the most climate-vulnerable nations, Zulker focuses his work on climate change. He works with the Climate Tracker to report climate resiliency for vulnerable women and access to climate finance.
He involves in the Climate Tracker South Asia network, which improves the environmental consciousness of youth.
He is also one of the Bangladeshi to win the South Asia Fellowship under Climate Tracker, is a global media network that closely works on Climate Change.
Zulker has completed the Train the Trainer: Effective Climate Change Communication, an initiative to convert this workshop resource into replicable modules, to empower qualified journalists to deliver training on the major climate journalism topics, and to establish a certification process for journalists.
Zulker has a master’s degree in Communications and a bachelor’s degree in Media Studies and Journalism from the University of Liberal Arts, Bangladesh.
Zulker Naeen has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff. As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change.
Communicating Climate Change is to promote knowledge on climate change issues and to cover journalism skills. We’re opening this extensive course to prepare the next climate journalist.
To promote Climate Journalism in Bangladesh, Zulker Naeen is opening up a course to prepare the next journalist.
With this great objective, a team will run a three-month campaign to introduce this course among students with an extensive collaboration of the interested partners.
Moreover, this campaign aims to teach students between graduate and post-graduate.
A social media campaign will run to promote this course. University faculty, expert, practitioners, and journalist will engage with this initiative.
Key objectives of this course:
1. To give basic knowledge on climate change issues
2. To guide the participants on climate journalism topics
3. To launch a certification process for participants who wish to publish an article as a trainee journalist.
Articles by Zulker Naeen
Here are the stories of the renewable energy of Bangladesh. Zulker focuses his writings on the success of solar energy and the use of energy efficiently in Bangladesh. He works with the Climate Tracker to report climate resiliency for vulnerable women and access to climate finance.
He involves in the Climate Tracker South Asia network, which improves the environmental consciousness of youth.
Is solar irrigation a groundbreaking success for Bangladesh?
It is a story on the new way of extracting groundwater using solar energy in Bangladesh. The use of solar energy in irrigation is now owing to cost-effective financing and an innovative business model.
Success on Solar Irrigation System in Bangladesh yet to achieve
This report is on the groundbreaking success of the solar irrigation system in Bangladesh. It describes how farmers are moving in solar-run irrigation pumps instead of the diesel pump.
Climate Change and Spread of Dengue and Malaria in Asia
This report describes how climate change creating new uncertainties for human exposure to vector-borne diseases like dengue fever and malaria.
Zulker Naeen has already published more than fifteen newsworthy articles on climate change issues. These articles are especially on gender rights, health issues, and development issues.
Buffaloes are in an extensive decline in the coastal regions. The key reason is this decline includes diseases, cyclones, infertility, malnutrition, and shortages of grazing land. Most Buffalo herders have converted their grazing lands into salt fields.
The Problem
People are moving away from herding buffaloes. According to the Bangladesh Agriculture Survey, from 2003 to 2019, the number of buffaloes declined by at least 51%. In the last 15 years, milk-producing buffaloes have fallen by around 60%. Now the contribution of buffalo milk to national milk production fell from 4% to 2%.
The Facts
To analyze the facts, it found that, increasing salinity, development activities and extreme weather conditions corroded the grazing land, making it hard for native buffaloes to survive. Buffalo herders have turned to producing salt, causing a decline in grazing land for buffaloes.
Why the decline
Around 75-80% of buffaloes in Bangladesh are raised in coastal and haor areas, both of which are highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Increasing salinity has caused an acute shortage of drinking water for buffaloes and, consequently, a gradual decline in their numbers. In addition, it is one of the main reasons for the rise in diseases in buffaloes.
Anthrax, black quarter, hemorrhagic septicemia, and foot and mouth disease are also among the reasons meat and milk production have declined, and people are moving away from herding buffaloes.
A commercial shift
Buffalo has a significant connection to 4.6 crore coastal people’s lives and livelihoods. Coastal people mainly depend on buffalo rearing to meet their demand for protein and employment. Consequently, the sharp decline in the buffalo population has caused people to shift from buffalo rearing to other professions such as salt cultivation, day labour and fishing. Around 90% of herders are cultivating salt on their land now. Salt cultivation in Kutubdia has increased six-fold from 1990-2020.
Efforts to stop further decline are insufficient.
The Department of Livestock Services has tried to address the decline in the buffalo population through various schemes. The efforts rely on artificial insemination without prioritizing the breed of native buffalo and the threat of increased soil salinity.
What kind of adaptation project should be for buffalo?
Now it is time to take a buffalo adaptation project under the changing climate conditions, especially in coastal and haor regions. Only crossbreeds won’t stop the decline in the buffalo population. Unless taking conservation and improvement programmes, indigenous buffaloes will not survive. The offshore islands do not provide the required environment for the crossbreeds.
The alarming decrease in the buffalo population needs to be studied urgently to determine the connection between the declining buffalo population and climate change. Such conservation and improvement programmes should undertake to save our native buffaloes from going extinct.
Zulker Naeen is a freelance journalist, covers stories of climate change-induced food insecurity, natural calamities, and migration. As a citizen of one of the most climate-vulnerable nations, Zulker focuses his work on climate change. Zulker works with the Climate Tracker to report climate resiliency for vulnerable women and access to climate finance.
He involves in the Climate Tracker South Asia network, which improves the environmental consciousness of youth.
He is also one of the Bangladeshi to win the South Asia Fellowship under Climate Tracker, is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Zulker has completed the Train the Trainer: Effective Climate Change Communication, an initiative to convert this workshop resource into replicable modules, to empower qualified journalists to deliver training on the major climate journalism topics, and to establish a certification process for journalists.
Zulker has a master’s degree in Communications and a bachelor’s degree in Media Studies and Journalism from the University of Liberal Arts, Bangladesh.
He has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff. As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change.
A journalist’s guide to biodiversity access and benefit-sharing.
There’s a multi-billion-dollar yearly trade in medicines, foodstuffs and industrial products derived from plants, animals, fungi and bacteria. But many such products have been commercialized without any of the profits returning to the countries and communities whose biodiversity and traditional knowledge made the innovation possible. And in some cases, biological resources have been accessed illegally.
Speakers:
Krystyna Swiderska | Principal Researcher, International Institute for Environment and Development
Alejandro Lago | Manager of the UNDP GEF Global ABS Project
Discussion: Speakers briefly discussed the following topics.
What is Biopiracy?
Commercialization of biological materials without any of the profits returning to the countries and communities.
Illegal access to biological resources.
Nagoya Protocol — to ensure legal access and guarantee that any benefits arising from the use of genetic resources are shared fairly and equitably.
The impact of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) and national ABS laws/policies.
There is a multi-billion-dollar yearly trade in medicines, foodstuffs and industrial products derived from plants, animals, fungi and bacteria. However, many such products have commercialised without any profits returning to the countries and communities whose biodiversity and traditional knowledge made the innovation possible. And in some cases, biological resources have been accessed illegally.
That is why, in 2010, parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) reached a new agreement — called the Nagoya Protocol — to ensure legal accesses and guarantee that any benefits arising from the use of genetic resources are shared fairly and equitably.
But what exactly is Access and benefit-sharing?
What are countries doing to meet their CBD commitments and ensure that companies meet their legal obligations? Are benefits flowing where they should?
Specifically, this legal framework is being used by the private sector, researchers, indigenous peoples, and local communities from 27 countries to develop innovative products to implement the SDGs.
What is Biopiracy?
Biopiracy means the unethical or unlawful appropriation or commercial exploitation of biological materials (such as medicinal plant extracts) that are native to a particular country or territory without providing fair financial compensation to the people or government of that country or territory.
In the early 2000s, what has happened with maca is not China’s fault; it is Peru’s fault for letting their products leave the country and not protecting themselves.
About Zulker Naeen
Zulker Naeen is a freelance journalist, covers stories of climate change-induced food insecurity, natural calamities, and migration. As a citizen of one of the most climate-vulnerable nations, Zulker focuses his work on climate change. Zulker works with the Climate Tracker to report climate resiliency for vulnerable women and access to climate finance.
He involves in the Climate Tracker South Asia network, which improves the environmental consciousness of youth.
He is also one of the Bangladeshi to win the South Asia Fellowship under Climate Tracker, is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Zulker has completed the Train the Trainer: Effective Climate Change Communication, an initiative to convert this workshop resource into replicable modules, to empower qualified journalists to deliver training on the major climate journalism topics, and to establish a certification process for journalists.
Zulker has a master’s degree in Communications and a bachelor’s degree in Media Studies and Journalism from the University of Liberal Arts, Bangladesh.
He has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff. As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change.
Beating the biopirates: A journalist's guide to biodiversity access and benefit-sharing.
Beating the biopirates: A journalist’s guide to biodiversity access and benefit-sharing.
There is a multi-billion-dollar yearly trade in medicines, foodstuffs and industrial products derived from plants, animals, fungi and bacteria. However, many such products have commercialised without any profits returning to the countries and communities whose biodiversity and traditional knowledge made the innovation possible. And in some cases, biological resources have been accessed illegally.
That is why, in 2010, parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) reached a new agreement — called the Nagoya Protocol — to ensure legal accesses and guarantee that any benefits arising from the use of genetic resources are shared fairly and equitably.
But what exactly is Access and benefit-sharing?
What are countries doing to meet their CBD commitments and ensure that companies meet their legal obligations? Are benefits flowing where they should?
Speakers
Krystyna Swiderska | Principal Researcher, International Institute for Environment and Development
Alejandro Lago | Manager of the UNDP GEF Global ABS Project
Specifically, this legal framework is being used by the private sector, researchers, indigenous peoples, and local communities from 27 countries to develop innovative products to implement the SDGs.
What is Biopiracy?
Biopiracy means the unethical or unlawful appropriation or commercial exploitation of biological materials (such as medicinal plant extracts) that are native to a particular country or territory without providing fair financial compensation to the people or government of that country or territory.
In the early 2000s, what has happened with maca is not China’s fault; it is Peru’s fault for letting their products leave the country and not protecting themselves.
Shrimp Culture: a chaotic trend of aquaculture in the coastal region of Bangladesh
The aquaculture practice in the southwest coastal area is traditional; however, a rapid expansion of shrimp culture took place at the advent of commercial shrimp cultivating due to higher economic returns.
Shrimp cultivating is one of the few options for the economic development of the coastal region of Bangladesh.
It is a potential adaptation option for increasing salinity and other environmental stresses. The government has also promoted shrimp as a necessary climate change adaptation option in its national climate policy.
However, extensive shrimp cultivating is more likely to keep ecosystem harmony with dynamic balance by recycling and feedback mechanisms. Therefore, shrimp farming is also being considered a potential adaptation option to increased salinity in this region.
Since the shrimp sector of Bangladesh includes more than 15 million people and the majority are small-scale farmers. However, the government is yet to establish well-structured institutional support to promote sustainable shrimp farming in southwest coastal Bangladesh.
Zulker Naeen is a freelance journalist, covers stories of climate change-induced food insecurity, natural calamities, and migration. As a citizen of one of the most climate-vulnerable nations, Zulker focuses his work on climate change. He works with the Climate Tracker to report climate resiliency for vulnerable women and access to climate finance.
He involves in the Climate Tracker South Asia network, which improves the environmental consciousness of youth.
He is also one of the Bangladeshi to win the South Asia Fellowship under Climate Tracker, is a global media network that closely works on Climate Change.
Shrimp culture in the coastal region of Bangladesh
The aquaculture practice in the southwest coastal area is traditional; however, a rapid expansion of shrimp culture took place at the advent of commercial shrimp cultivating due to higher economic returns.
Shrimp cultivating is one of the few options for the economic development of the coastal region of Bangladesh.
It is a potential adaptation option for increasing salinity and other environmental stresses. The government has also promoted shrimp as a necessary climate change adaptation option in its national climate policy.
However, extensive shrimp cultivating is more likely to keep ecosystem harmony with dynamic balance by recycling and feedback mechanisms. Therefore, shrimp farming is also being considered a potential adaptation option to increased salinity in this region.
Since the shrimp sector of Bangladesh includes more than 15 million people and the majority are small-scale farmers. However, the government is yet to establish well-structured institutional support to promote sustainable shrimp farming in southwest coastal Bangladesh.
Environmental effects like mangrove destruction, sedimentation, saltwater interruption, loss of biodiversity and contamination are the obstructions to the sustainable shrimp cultivating.
A large number of lands of terrains in the seaside territories included under shrimp cultivation. Unplanned and haphazard growth of shrimp culture influences the coastal ecosystem.
Bridging the gap between mangrove conservation and shrimp farming.
Is there any way to move towards a sustainable aquaculture system for shrimp?
In sequence for aquaculture strategy to shift inside the heading of sustainable yield, the industry needs few conditions to grasp and tackle the complete spectrum of environmental effects by its operations.
Consecutively, this infers shifting near closed production frameworks.
However, unregulated coastal shrimp farming has emerged as the most unfavourable resource use over the past couple of decades in Bangladesh.
Resources like feed, seed, and water supply influence the sustainability of shrimp aquaculture. In any case, it is anything but a maintainable sort of aquaculture. However, it is not a sustainable kind of aquaculture.
A management system equally for eco-friendly and socially appropriate farming is a burning issue around the world. The long-haul advantages of shrimp farming can look for the improvement of ecologically viable shrimp farming.
It will handle the ecological and financial issues produced by a sustainable method for shrimp farming.
Why we need nature-based solutions to bridge the gap between profit and conservation?
Like Selva Shrimp, we may combine small-scale farming with active nature conservation, thereby creating livelihoods for local communities while reviving heavily degraded ecosystems.
It may improve the aquaculture practices in marginalised areas and encourages the restoration and conservation of mangrove ecosystems.
It may generate resilient local livelihoods, small-scale business alongside healthy ecosystems, a source of income, and an inclusive economy based on nature-based solutions.
It is a unique nature-based solution to protect the mangrove and aquaculture.
A nature-based solution and aquaculture with the active measure are protecting the mangrove. It is not just producing food sustainably – it is creating jobs and protecting livelihoods, too.
Mangrove reforestation, as a nature-based solution, is critical for the environment, business and people. However, a close partnership between successful private-sector seafood companies and conservation champions opens the door to transformational shifts.
Example of a nature-based solutions approach can make sure that this is the case.
A combination ofnature-based solutions and aquaculture is Selva Shrimp, a program by Blueyou Consulting. First launched in VietNam, the project combines small-scale farming with active measures to protect the environment. This way, it is not just producing food sustainably – it is creating jobs and protecting livelihoods, too.
Backed by the IUCN’s Blue Natural Capital Financing Facility, Selva Shrimp is piloting the inclusion of nature-based solutions into shrimp farming in Indonesia to meet the growing appetite for consciously produced seafood. The effort aims to demonstrate the financial sustainability of such projects and their attractiveness, to show the world a path towards rectifying negative impacts generated during decades of unsustainable farming practices.
Every shrimp needs to grow with mangroves.
Moreover, it ensures incentives for farmers to change existing practices. Among these are substantially increased harvest sizes through improved farming practices and healthier environments, and a higher price for this premium product harvested mangrove areas reforested with young trees.
Similarly, the forests remain a livable habitat and food source for many other aquatic species, including crabs, oysters and mudskippers.
Farming shrimp without antibiotics, feed or chemicals produces an organic product that commands a premium price on world markets – and the additional revenue generates employment, creating jobs for some of the poorest people of the world.
Zulker Naeen is a freelance journalist, covers stories of climate change-induced food insecurity, natural calamities, and migration. As a citizen of one of the most climate-vulnerable nations, Zulker focuses his work on climate change. He works with the Climate Tracker to report climate resiliency for vulnerable women and access to climate finance.
He involves in the Climate Tracker South Asia network, which improves the environmental consciousness of youth.
He is also one of the Bangladeshi to win the South Asia Fellowship under Climate Tracker, is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Zulker Naeen is a freelance journalist, covers stories of climate change-induced food insecurity, natural calamities, and migration. As a citizen of one of the most climate-vulnerable nations, Zulker focuses his work on climate change. He works with the Climate Tracker to report climate resiliency for vulnerable women and access to climate finance.
He involves in the Climate Tracker South Asia network, which improves the environmental consciousness of youth.
He is also one of the Bangladeshi to win the South Asia Fellowship under Climate Tracker, is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Zulker has completed the Train the Trainer: Effective Climate Change Communication, an initiative to convert this workshop resource into replicable modules, to empower qualified journalists to deliver training on the major climate journalism topics, and to establish a certification process for journalists.
Zulker has a master’s degree in Communications and a bachelor’s degree in Media Studies and Journalism from the University of Liberal Arts, Bangladesh.
Zulker Naeen has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff. As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change.
Is Climate Journalism Course affordable in Bangladesh?
Climate Journalism Course is now affordable, unbelievable too. Moreover, this course aims to enhance understanding of climate change impacts on biodiversity.
Fortunately, this online course is for passionate writer and next journalists with limited experience engaging with climate change issues and ecosystem services interactions with biodiversity locally, nationally and internationally.
The course participants assess the climate change-related issues relevant to available articles in biodiversity, identify the topics and then follow appropriate writing style.
Participants also develop a writing skill to relate the human-climate fact within 1 to 2 months after the training workshop.
Applicants to this training course need not demonstrate prior experience of journalism and how skills gained will be utilized after the workshop.
Communicating Climate Change is to promote knowledge on climate change issues and to cover journalism skills. We’re opening this extensive course to prepare the next climate journalist.
You may not a subject matter expert, but you will become familiar with the concepts, approaches, and climate journalism staples.
To promote Climate Journalism in Bangladesh, we’re opening this course on climate change to prepare the next journalist. With this great objective, we will run a three-month campaign to introduce this course among students with an extensive collaboration of the interested partners.
Moreover, this campaign aims to teach students between graduate and post-graduate. That is why; we are emphasizing their pattern of seeking information, to influence them to enrol on this course by ensuring their active participation.
A social media campaign will run to promote this course. University faculty, expert, practitioners, and journalist will engage with this initiative.
Key objectives of this course:
To give basic knowledge on climate change issues
To guide the participants on climate journalism topics
To launch a certification process for participants who wish to publish an article as a trainee journalist.
A summary of this curriculum—
Learning: Climate Change Issues in the context of Bangladesh
Bridging the gap between mangrove conservation and shrimp farming.
One initiative working to combine nature-based solutions and aquaculture with active measures is protecting the mangrove. This way, it is not just producing food sustainably – it is creating jobs and protecting livelihoods, too.
Sustainable aquaculture can protect the mangrove and coastal biodiversity.
Aquaculture is a source of employment, supporting 20.5 million jobs globally.
Mangrove reforestation, as a nature-based solution, is critical for the environment, business and people.
Sustainable shrimp commands higher prices, which mean higher local incomes.
A close partnership between successful private-sector seafood companies and conservation champions opens the door to transformational shifts.
Example of a nature-based solutions approach can make sure that this is the case.
One initiative working to combine nature-based solutions and aquaculture is Selva Shrimp, a program by Blueyou Consulting. First launched in VietNam, the project combines small-scale farming with active measures to protect the environment. This way, it is not just producing food sustainably – it is creating jobs and protecting livelihoods, too.
Backed by the IUCN’s Blue Natural Capital Financing Facility, Selva Shrimp is piloting the inclusion of nature-based solutions into shrimp farming in Indonesia to meet the growing appetite for consciously produced seafood. The effort aims to demonstrate the financial sustainability of such projects and their attractiveness, to show the world a path towards rectifying negative impacts generated during decades of unsustainable farming practices.
Every shrimp needs to grow with mangroves.
And that its programme ensures incentives for farmers to change existing practices. Among these are substantially increased harvest sizes through improved farming practices and healthier environments, and a higher price for this premium product harvested mangrove areas reforested with young trees.
Similarly, the forests remain a liveable habitat and food source for many other aquatic species, including crabs, oysters and mudskippers.
Farming shrimp without antibiotics, feed or chemicals produces an organic product that commands a premium price on world markets – and the additional revenue generates employment, creating jobs for some of the poorest people of the world.
Direct employment in maintaining shrimp farm infrastructure, new jobs were created as financially successful farmers needed hatcheries, nurseries, ice and processing plants to support their businesses.
And not just the benefit. The paper concluded: In Bangladesh, organic shrimp aquaculture has generated substantial employment for educated people, ensuring several diversified working opportunities.
Shrimp Farming in the coastal region of Bangladesh.
Since 1980, shrimp is a significant part of the economy of Bangladesh. However, this spontaneous and indiscriminate shrimp cultivating is gathering impressive discourse because of its negative ecological results. Environmental effects like mangrove destruction, sedimentation, saltwater interruption, loss of biodiversity and contamination are the obstructions to the sustainable shrimp cultivating.
A large number of lands of terrains in the seaside territories included under shrimp cultivation. Unplanned and haphazard growth of shrimp culture influences the coastal ecosystem.
Is there any way to move towards a sustainable aquaculture system for shrimp?
In sequence for aquaculture strategy to shift inside the heading of sustainable yield, the industry needs few conditions to grasp and tackle the complete spectrum of environmental effects by its operations. Consecutively, this infers shifting near closed production frameworks.
Bangladesh has tremendous coastal and marine sources alongside its south edge. It is because of the reality of the geological position and climatic circumstance of the region.
However, an unregulated coastal shrimp farming has emerged as the most unfavourable resource use over the past couple of decades in Bangladesh.
Resources like feed, seed, and water supply influence the sustainability of shrimp aquaculture. In any case, it is anything but a maintainable sort of aquaculture. However, it is not a sustainable kind of aquaculture.
A management system equally for eco-friendly and socially appropriate farming is a burning issue around the world. The long-haul advantages of shrimp farming can look for the improvement of ecologically viable shrimp farming.
It will handle the ecological and financial issues produced by a sustainable method for shrimp farming.
Why we need nature-based solutions to bridge the gap between profit and conservation?
Like Selva Shrimp, we may combine small-scale farming with active nature conservation, thereby creating livelihoods for local communities while reviving heavily degraded ecosystems.
It may improve the aquaculture practices in marginalised areas and encourages the restoration and conservation of mangrove ecosystems.
It may generate resilient local livelihoods, small-scale business alongside healthy ecosystems, a source of income, and an inclusive economy based on nature-based solutions.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. He has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
Hindu Minority face extra barriers to climate adaptation in Bangladesh
The obstacle to microfinance and benefits, the Hindu minority in the coastal region of Bangladesh struggled to rebuild their lives after Cyclone Amphan.
Munda people in Bangladesh, a small ethnic minority has been living beside the world’s largest mangrove forest, the Sundarbans, for two centuries.
This minority is known as “bunos” or jungle-clearers. The Munda people came to the country from Bihar state in India. They are around 5,000 in number lives in the coastal districts of Khulna and Satkhira.
Suffering from climate change impacts, the Munda are particularly deprived by their minority status, lacking access to microfinance, supports and employment opportunities available to others. An initiative to help them find alternative livelihoods held off due to lack of funds.
Cyclone Amphan made landfall in western Bangladesh in May, triggering a tidal surge that overtopped the riversides and left fields flooded with saltwater for months.
Over recent years, sea-level rise and reduced river flow caused the increased soil salinity, so the rice could only be grown during the monsoon season.
After the storm, even that one annual crop became unviable across much of the region.
A few has fallen back on gathering resources from the forest, mainly crabs and fish. But it is not enough for a balanced livelihood.
As the sea encroaches on farmland, many leads to fish, shrimp and crab farming, or rearing goats. Others migrate in search of seasonal work. But the Munda face extra barriers to these adaptation strategies.
Few Munda families tried to lease some land to cultivate shrimp a few years ago but were refused a loan by local micro-credit organisations.
They are dependent on the mangroves, venturing into the forest two or three times a week for resources they can sell to support their children.
Munda people often had no assets to guarantee repayment of a loan. It is a barrier to getting local micro-credit loan.
Munda has no representation in local or national government bodies. They often lack awareness of social security entitlements and are not selected by local administrators to benefit from government-run work programmes such as road maintenance.
When there is an emergency like a cyclone, they hardly receive some relief.
They hardly receive such benefits from the mainstream people associated with the vote banks of the authority.
Moving to the cities for work is not easy either. They had to face difficulties to find jobs.
A local campaign group launched a project a few years ago to boost the Munda’s prospects, but it has been put on hold because the funding from donor ran out.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. He has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
Friendship Mangrove Plantation caretakers at work at the mangrove nursery
Mangrove afforestation in the coastline of Sundarbans is a natural solution. Also, it works as a natural mechanism to control carbon emission.
Sundarbans is the world’s largest mangrove forest, not just the home of the Royal Bengal Tiger. It is also an essential component in the lives, livelihoods and natural saviour of this disaster-prone country.
To the people of the southern coastal region, “The Sundarbans is our mother,” It is a source of fish, crab, shrimp, honey, herbs and fruits, firewood. Not just that, but she protects us too; shielding us from cyclones, tides and erosion. She feeds us, nurtures us and protects. She is our mother.”
The southern coastal region where the Sundarbans lie is isolated from infrastructure and prone to cyclones, storms, tidal upsurges, flooding, salination and a host of other natural disasters.
In recent years the cyclones Sidr (2007), Aila (2009), Roanu (2016), Fani (2019), Bulbul (2019), and Amphan (2020) have devastated lives and property in low-lying coastal areas.
Besides the constant threat of cyclones, coastal regions have the added disadvantage of not being particularly fertile. The increased salinity and you get a dangerous reduction of food crop production, and therefore food security. Salinity continues to rise due to the lack of the flow of fresh water from upstream.
Along with 19 coastal districts, more than 35 million people of the coastal region are affected by salinity. And it has increased by around 26% over the last four decades.
Salinity and lack of fertility also affect grazing land and fodder crops for livestock. The decrease of cattle-raising in Bangladesh creates nutritional consequences, especially for children.
However, people have converted freshwater areas into shrimp culture.
It causes the salinity increase in the surrounding areas and damaging the grazing areas of livestock.
There are many ways to mitigate or overcome the salinity problem. The top priorities are building and strengthening embankments, constructing sluice gates and irrigation mechanisms, establishing rainwater harvesting systems, and introducing salinity-tolerant crop varieties with nutritional content. Our solution was to use mangroves to fortify built embankments.
Mangrove afforestation along the coastline is a great natural solution that functions as a machine to reverse carbon emission, reduce storm impact and foster an alternate livelihood for coastal dwellers.
This unique ecosystem is a combination of three things; as embankment protection, source of livelihoods and climate change mitigation.
Kazi Amdadul Hoque is a Senior Director, Strategic Planning and Head of Climate Action at Friendship.
He wrote about the Friendship’s participatory approach that addresses most of these concerns to integrate into all of the Friendship’s other interventions – climate action or otherwise, and cohesively create a better quality of life for everyone.
Friendship engages the local communities in mangrove plantation efforts by training them. They also involved the local government and department of the forest. Subsequently, it handed responsibility over to them for maintenance and guardianship, which fosters ownership.
The approach has covered basic knowledge and skills for mangrove plantation and cares along with alternate livelihood opportunities.
They formed committees and groups, conducted training sessions, and regular follow-up meetings to keep everyone on the same page.
Friendship’s mangrove plantation project is part of a holistic program. It includes health interventions, water treatment plants, special assistance for the fishermen, disaster risk reduction, and climate change adaptation, which have been set up gradually over the years.
Planting mangrove forests has led to the common good, in this case, simultaneously solving community-level problems, while serving as the most efficient carbon-absorbing machine possible.
Friendship essentially fills the gaps and brings everyone together cohesively in a shared interest towards mutual benefit.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. He has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
No matter what kind of business you’re in, you need a brand designer to build a brand. Your brand is what makes you unique.
It’s what sets you apart from the competition and lets your customers know who you are and what you’re. If your brand is Oppo, your brand identity is the “camera phone.”
Designing your brand identity is a key—and because of its strategic approach, it’s not a task you want to tackle on your own. It takes a certain kind of talent, specifically, brand designers to build a brand from the ground up.
If you’re at the very beginning of the branding process, go with a brand designer.
Just, you may plan to launch your brand. If you’re not exactly sure the direction you want to take your brand, it is a great way to get input from a talented brand designer.
Role of Zulker Naeen as a brand designer.
He is a man behind the brand stories.
Zulker Naeen is a brand designer by profession. He is a communication graduate from the University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh.
Afterwards, as an individual practitioner, he has gathered a diverse knowledge of market research and brand designing.
His diverse portfolio says he is the smart guy behind four of the noted lubricants brands in Bangladesh.
His portfolios are fast-moving consumer goods, energy and power, automotive, and construction.
Google Zulker Naeen to find his extensive portfolio as a brand designer.
Zulker Naeen’s portfolio on Orient Lubricants
Zulker Naeen is looking after Orient Brand for the last five years as a market researcher and brand analyst. He mostly put his focus into brand development as well as its segment development.
Orient Lubricants, which is the first of its kind to domestic lubricants brand, developed its strategy to reach customers from every segment of our country with competitive price option and variety feature based on the preferred customer.
Portfolio says he has worked closely on Orient Lubix Series, Orient Active Gear Series, Orient Ultima, Orient Ultra, Orient Automax, Orient Max 2, Orient Prima, EGO 4T and so on.
His research team usually analyze the product demand and segmentwise market size.
Based on their findings, Orient extended its product line-up, with the introduction of various economy litter packs like 0.6 litres, 2liters, and 3liters.
That has enriched the “Orient Brand” with various pack size to be a pioneer of the economy brand in Bangladesh.
Orient is one of the fastest growing lubricant brands here in Bangladesh. It has been catering to the automotive and industrial segments since 2014.
It has potential in several segments of this market.
Here, Orient has spread its product line-up into the automotive and the industrial oil segment.
Its repertoire of automotive products includes high-performance engine oils for buses, tractors, medium or light commercial vehicles, passenger cars, and two-wheelers.
Millions of users have at one time or another used Orient Lubricants for their purposes.
Orient is the flagship brand of Oriental Oil Company Limited, renowned marketers of several global brands in Bangladesh.
Researchers say the health decline of mangrove trees could critically hamper the Sundarbans’ ability to raise back, making it vulnerable to climate-related extreme weather events.
Highlights:
Increased salinity of the water hampered the health of mangrove trees of the Sundarbans over the past 30 years. However, the number of trees did not decrease during the period.
The study used the Continuous Change Detection and Classification (CCDC) method to the Landsat data. They were more willing to find changes on the earth surface using satellite data to find the specific area changes from being occupied by mangroves to bare soil or water.
This method is considered for worldwide application to mangrove monitoring, they claimed.
Sundari tree, the most common mangrove species in the Sundarbans, is becoming unhealthy gradually.
However, there is no significant decline in the number of mangroves in the Sundarbans for the last 30 years. However, there is evidence of a 25% health decline of the mangrove trees.
And, it is due to the effect of increased salinity on Sundari tree. But the continuing climate change could critically hamper its ability to reborn.
About this Study.
A satellite-based data-driven study on world’s mangrove system brought new findings. It says that the effects of climate change could severely hamper the growths of Sundari tree.
Most significantly, the ‘top-dying disease’ is the cause for declining 15% of trees in the Sundarbans since the 80s.
Around 1.44 million cubic meters of Sundari trees have been lost to “top-dying disease in the last 30 years,” experts said.
Top-dying disease among the Sundari, heart-rot disease among the Pashur, and die-back disease in the Kewara, are behind the trees’ rapid decline.
Unfavourably, the Sundari tree is less tolerant of high salinity levels than other mangrove species and has previously identified as suffering from die-back due to rising salinity.
Meanwhile, this recent study did not find any noteworthy decrease in the number of mangroves in Sundarbans last 30 years.
“However, there is evidence of a decline in the health of about 25% of the mangrove trees,” said study author Katie Awty-Carroll of Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales.
Awty-Carroll and his team observed a long 30-year time series of Landsat data of the entire Sundarbans.
However, it is hard to know the proper explanations behind this decline in mangrove health, the scientists think the long-term decrease in mangrove health may be the impact of increased salinity on the Sundari tree.
Accordingly, the analysis shows if 25% of the forest is getting less healthy, those areas will be at greater risk of decline in the future, especially if extreme events such as cyclones become more common,” Awty-Carroll said.
Also, rising sea levels are increasing salinity, severe cyclones, means that the defensive capacity of the Sundarbans could be reduced in future years.
This study also explored the damage of Sidr, which made landfall in Bangladesh in November 2007.
“We estimate that around 11% of the Sundarbans forest was likely to damage by Sidr, which is lower than other estimates,” said Awty-Carroll.
Moreover, they claimed that this study is the only one which looks at damage over the whole of the Sundarbans region immediately after the cyclone’s landfall.
Meanwhile, this study also revealed that the effects of Sidr were still apparent more than ten years after the cyclone made landfall.
Accordingly, this suggests that cyclones could decrease the health of the mangroves for a long.
However, the main limitation of the study is the absence of on-the-ground measurements to compare the satellite observations. Despite having sufficient data, we have to be cautious in interpreting our results.
Andy Large, a field-based physical geographer with Newcastle University, echoed with this report.
We also know, Climate change has to lead to an increase in the salinity of the water and soil of the Sundarbans— which is another reason for the rapid decline in the number of Mangrove Spices.
Earlier, noted water expert Ainun Nishat said, “Sundari trees have been dying due to the adverse effects of the Farakka and a lack of sweet water.”
Earlier, it was a finding of 30ppm of salinity in the water, declines the disease-prevention capacity of the trees.
Zulker Naeen and Morshed Alam at a close conversation.
Two coworkers are committed to strengthening their partnership with the Financial corporation and deepening business impact relationship and cooperation, the representatives said in a corporate meeting.
“Together, we are deepening corporate ties through avenues like research, cooperative agreements, and the integration of new supply chain and platforms into the business structure,” he said.
The partnership between Morshed Alam and Zulker Naeen would continue to deepen under the new framework.
“We will work closely together, and a good demonstration of that is the newcomer first call to his counterpart in the market, and that speaks entrepreneurship,” the representatives said.
Morshed Alam, said, “Fintech plays a key role in Bangladesh, and our cooperation advances our shared vision of a rules-based Finance that promotes the prosperity and security of both parties.”
The growing number of business ventures and small enterprises continue to strengthen the economy of Bangladesh. These companies also create jobs, while exporting products to markets around the world, he added.
Both Zulker Naeen and Morshed Alam are looking for creating new opportunities together, their objective is to transform the market into a real social impact.
Here meet the advisor, Morshed Alam has a twenty-five years record of management and leadership position in many renowned multinational companies.
He is a finance graduate from the University of Dhaka and an M.B.A in Entrepreneurship from the University of Malaya, Malaysia.
His strategic vision and leadership usually drive operational processes, productivity, efficiency, and bottom-line improvements at multi-site organizations.
His philosophy promotes employee participation using creative problem solving to contribute to organizational success.
He loves to create a business to alter our lifestyle and not for the sole purpose of making profits.
He always asks interested people: “Why do you want to be a businessman/ businesswoman?” He believes that business has a God-given power and potential for doing good in the world.
Another coworker is Zulker Naeen, a brand analyst and loves to practice communication. He started his career as a market researcher; however, he is a copywriter by profession.
Since 2016, he is closely working on the engine oil market of Bangladesh. His working experience deals with diverse brands and services. The key objective of this portfolio is to create a common ground of discussion for the market enthusiast.
For the last few years, Zulker Naeen is monitoring this market, not as an individual, rather than a team which publish different insights on the lubricants market.
Zulker Naeen has already published more than fifty newsworthy articles on this market. These articles are especially on market insights, current market trends, and market forecasts.
Zulker Naeen is a Head of development of branding and communications in Bangladesh, Veedol International Limited UK. His expertise spans the process for developing a strategic communications plan that embeds the trust of their clients and customers.
Zulker’s know-how and field experience mean he has planned to support their clients in delivery to end-users of trusted solutions for the digital and wireless world.
Zulker Naeen – Head of Branding and Content, Bangladesh, Veedol International Limited UK.
Zulker manages Veedol’s branding, corporate publications and social media. He has been with the company for five years in marketing and communication roles based in Bangladesh and South Asia. Prior to this, he worked in Indruk Communications Limited. Zulker speaks English and Bangla and holds a Masters in Communications.
As a strategic planner of Veedol International Limited UK, how does your company value your social activity?
In Bangladesh and other parts of South Asia, we have been involved in social since late 2016 on a project basis but saw the value to apply to our whole organization and created strategic guidelines in late 2018. As a team, we always follow a campaign-based approach using our blog as the hub for our content. And we have seen the value in terms of awareness and web traffic.
Measuring the effectiveness of social media activity is a focus for corporations now. How does your company track the ROI that its social media activity delivers?
Our objective for social media activity is based on raising awareness for our corporate brand and promoting specific offers such as instant payment, the order in bulk or participatory competition. In terms of awareness, we measure the increased web traffic or followers while campaigns based on webinar inscriptions or whitepaper downloads.
What are the unique benefits of social media over other marketing channels?
Social media is likely to use as part of an integrated marketing campaign and we shouldn’t avoid the other channels. However, it offers many returns in terms of reaching people you couldn’t in a physical context and creating word of mouth, as consumers trust their friends more than a brand’s messages. It is also great for SEO and raising web traffic mostly in light of the latest changes to Google’s search algorithm, which favour frequently updated content-rich sites such as blogs over more static corporate sites.
“Social media needs to be used as part of an integrated marketing campaign”
Is social media integrated into existing marketing strategies? How do you go about social media in a broader marketing strategy?
Social only works well if it is an integrated one into wider activities. So, we work on a series of campaigns to promote the corporate brand and specific solutions where it is just one channel of the marketing mix. The mega campaign could also include a web element, tradeshows, direct emailing, PR, customer magazines and more.
Can you outline a recent marketing initiative that included a social media component? How is your company innovating in this area?
One of our high growth areas is insecure access to existing distribution networks. It is a noisy market and many influencers such as bloggers, consultants, analysts etc.
To increase the engagement, we used our blog, Twitter and agency to reach out to influencers to crowdsource the survey questions. The results became a series of blog posts and a whitepaper, which is for lead generation.
I do not believe the tools exist to track how social contacts become sales.
Is social media offering corporations real commercial opportunities to sell their goods?
There have been examples of consumer goods manufacturers such as Apple selling iPhone via Twitter. However, we work in a complex B2B environment with long sales cycles. So far, we do not have any commercial objective behind our activities – this may change later. Usually, we do not believe the tools exist to track how social contacts become sales.
When we over-exploit underground water supplies, the ground collapses like a big empty water bottle. It is called subsidence, and it could affect 1.6 billion people by 2040.
As the economy of California skyrocketed during the 20th century, its land headed in the opposite direction. A booming agricultural industry in the San Joaquin Valley, combined with punishing droughts, led to the over-extraction of water from aquifers.
The San Joaquin Valley was geologically clued-up for collapse, but its dilemma is not unique. Globally—from the Netherlands to Indonesia to Mexico City—geology is conspiring with climate change to sink the ground under the feet of humanity.
More punishing droughts mean the increased draining of aquifers, and rising seas make the sinking land all the more vulnerable to flooding.
According to a recent study published in the journal Science, in the next two decades, 1.6 billion people could be affected by subsidence, with possible loses in the trillions of dollars.
“Subsidence has been neglected in a lot of ways because it is slow-moving. You don’t recognize it until you start seeing the damage,” says Michelle Sneed, a land subsidence specialist at the U.S. Geological Survey and co-author on the paper.
“The land sinking itself is not a problem. But if you’re on the coast, it’s a big problem. If you have an infrastructure that crosses long areas, it’s a big problem. If you have deep wells, they’re collapsing because of subsidence. That’s a problem.”
For subsidence to make a problem, you need two things: The right kind of land, and an over-exploited aquifer. Aquifers hold water in between bits of sand, gravel, or clay.
When the amount of clay in an aquifer is eventually high, the grains arrange themselves like plates thrown indiscriminately in a sink.
They have got random orientations, and the water fills in the spaces between the grains. But if you start extracting water from an aquifer, those spaces collapse and the grains draw closer together.
“Those plates rearrange themselves into more like a stack of dinner plates that you put in your cupboard,” says Sneed. “It takes a lot less space to stack the plates that way. And so that’s the compaction of the aquifer system that then results in land subsidence at the surface.”
But it will not pump more water back into the aquifer force the clay plates back to their random, spacey orientations? Unfortunately, no.
“It will press those grains apart a little bit. You will get a little bit of expansion in the aquifer system represented as uplift on the land surface. But it is a tiny amount,” says Sneed.
We are talking maybe three-quarters of an inch of movement. “They’re still stacked like the plates in your cupboard,” she confirmed.
So, at this point, you’ve got a double-barreled problem: The land has sunk and it won’t reinflate, and the aquifers won’t hold as much water as they once did, because they’ve compressed. “And that’s an important point,” says Sneed. “As places around the world, including California, are starting to use aquifer systems as managed reservoirs, the compaction of them before now has reduced their ability to store water.”
As the growing human population and more intense droughts brought on by climate change are putting ever more stress on water supplies, the land is subsiding all over the world.
Some parts of the Indonesian capital of Jakarta, for instance, are sinking as much as 10 inches a year, all while the seas are rising around it. Models estimate that in just three decades, 95% of North Jakarta could be underwater. The situation is so dire, Indonesia is planning to move its capital.
But scientists haven’t modelled global risks of subsidence—until now. To build their model, Sneed and her colleagues scoured the existing literature on land subsidence in 200 locations worldwide.
They considered those geological factors (high clay content), as well as topology, as subsidence is more likely to happen on flat land. They factored in population and economic growth, data on water use, and climate variables.
The researchers found that planet-wide, subsidence could threaten 4.6 million square miles of land in the next two decades. While that’s just 8% of Earth’s land, humanity tends to build big cities in coastal areas, which are prone to subsidence. So they estimate that, in the end, 1.6 billion people could be affected. The modelling further found that worldwide, subsidence exposes assets totalling a gross domestic product of $8.19 trillion, or 12% of global GDP.
True, gradual subsidence isn’t as destructive as a sudden earthquake or volcanic eruption. “But it will cause these indirect effects or impacts in long run, can produce either damage to structures or infrastructure, or increase floodable areas in these river basins or coastal areas,” says geoscientist Gerardo Herrera-García of the Geological and Mining Institute of Spain, lead author on the paper.
Subsidence is uniquely sensitive to climate change—at least indirectly. On a warmer planet, droughts are longer and more intense. “This is very important,” says Herrera-García. “Because no matter the amount of annual rainfall you have, the most important issue is that you have a prolonged drought period.”
Dry reservoirs can lead cities to pump even more water out of their aquifers. Once we collapse the structure of an aquifer by equally stacking those plates of clay grains, there is no return.
For the 1.6 billion people is potentially affected by the subsidence. And it is just by the year 2040—the consequences would be dire, leading to both water shortages and the flooding of low-lying land.
“It’s very startling results,” says USGS coastal geologist Patrick Barnard, who studies subsidence but wasn’t involved in this new work. “Especially coastal megacities—most of the megacities are, in fact, coastal. So, it highlights the issue with coastal flooding.” And urban populations are booming: According to the United Nations, nearly 70% of humans will live in cities by 2050, up from 50% currently.
People has tended to construct its cities where rivers empty into the sea, where the phenomena for subsidence are ideal. Long ago, these rivers deposited sediments loaded with the clay, which people then built upon.
“The areas that are at high risk are in those kinds of settings near the outlets of river deltas, and where you have low-lying, flat sedimentary basins near coasts,” says the University of California, Berkeley geophysicist Roland Burgmann, who studies subsidence but wasn’t involved in this new work. But you can find this problem inland, too, for instance in Mexico City, which is built on top of the sediments of a former lake and is accordingly suffering from subsidence.
Cities built on landfill are also sinking as that material settles. In the Bay Area megalopolis, for instance, some areas are sinking as much as a third of an inch a year. Modelling estimates from researchers at Arizona State University and UC Berkeley hold that by the end of the century, as much as 165 square miles of the Bay Area could be inundated as land sinks and the sea rises.
Subsidence gets even trickier because its effects can vary dramatically over short distances, depending on factors like local clay composition or which side of an earthquake fault the land happens to be on. So this new global study is great for determining risk on a large scale, but scientists will still have to investigate subsidence with a finer focus.
“This kind of model presented here lays the ground for identifying the areas that are at higher risk,” says Arizona State University geophysicist Manoochehr Shirzaei, who studies subsidence and peer-reviewed the new paper. “And then we deploy monitoring tools and methods to come up with very high-resolution measurements.”
To get this more localized data, researchers map a landscape using lasers fired from an aircraft and combine that with information from satellites that shoot radar at the ground to determine how quickly it’s sinking.
The only way humanity will have to stave off the subsidence is to stop over-exploiting aquifers, a tall order on a rapidly warming planet.
“Aquifers will be depleted, one way or another,” says Shirzaei. “It’s not possible to ask people who require freshwater to stop using groundwater because it causes subsidence. So, what are the adaptation strategies?”
That could mean elevating buildings on lands that are subsiding and flooding. It could mean relying more on desalinating seawater, though that remains highly energy-intensive and therefore expensive. Even, the cities might follow in the footsteps of Los Angeles, which is modifying its streets to collect precious rainwater.
It is a summary; the subsiding cities are up against unstoppable physical forces. “Geology is geology,” says Sneed. “We can’t do anything about that.”
Forests go into growth ‘overdrive’ to recover from droughts
A new study reveals that the forests go into growth ‘overdrive’ to recover from droughts.
One in 12 people might face severe drought every year by 2100, according to a recent study. And water stored on two-thirds of the Earth’s land surface will shrink as the climate warms.
As plant ecologists, we’re worried about what that means for forests – one of the largest carbon sinks and bigger assets the world has in the fight against climate change.
Droughts can stunt forest growth, kill trees and even change how forests function, or what species they’re made up of. We studied one species, in particular, to understand how trees have responded to past droughts, and how resilient they’re likely to be.
What we found suggests that some trees could rebound from difficult periods with more vitality than we might have imagined, which could be good news for forests facing a drier future.
Tree ring records
Scots pine is one of the most widely distributed conifer species in the world. Across Europe, it supports a broad range of wildlife such as red squirrels and is widely grown for its timber.
In our study, we collected tree rings from an experimental pine forest that scientists planted in Scotland in 1935.
According to the climate conditions of each season, trees form these rings in their trunks and, in doing so, record how growth varied. Years with a favourable climate generally produce wide tree rings, while bad years with droughts or other stressful weather produce narrow rings.
These rings effectively allow scientists to look back in time. To understand how trees recover from drought, we compared the width of these rings formed in drought years with growth modelled in an average year and throughout their recovery.
Playing catch-up
We found that even trees of the same age and species growing in the same place took very different time lengths to recover from drought. On average, the rate of tree growth took four years to recover to levels that might have been expected if no drought had occurred, with most trees taking between one and six years – though some trees still hadn’t recovered this growth rate nine years later.
After digging a little deeper, we found that the size of each tree before the drought, or how fast it was growing at the time, made a significant difference in how resilient it was. Fast-growing trees bounced back quicker, but larger trees took a long time to achieve growth rates that would have been expected if no drought had happened.
What surprised us was what happened in some trees after growth had recovered. Rather than continuing to grow at rates we might have expected from the temperature and rainfall records in those post-recovery years, the growth of some trees went into overdrive, and these trees started growing faster than in our modelled scenario where no drought had occurred.
While this growth “overdrive” was only temporary and didn’t occur in all of the trees we studied, the combined effect of this compensatory growth was powerful. These trees grew so fast that they started to recover some of the trunk girths that had been lost from the forest as a result of the drought. This meant that the total impact of the drought after nine years was much less than after four years, which is normally the post-drought period similar studies consider.
Compensatory growth happens elsewhere in nature – it’s been recorded in species of fish, grasses and moths. One study found that female greater wax moths deprived of food for 12 hours undergo rapid growth to catch up once food returns, though the cost of this behaviour is a shorter lifespan.
If or how mature trees use compensatory growth to deal with drought is largely unexplored, perhaps because, until now, studies have only captured their short-term response. But our study demonstrates that this mechanism exists in Scots pine, and can help forests recover a lot of the woody biomass that drought robs them of.
We need to see how common this sight is in other species and other parts of the world. Even if this habit is widespread, the ability of trees to compensate for growth lost during a drought will depend on the climate remaining good for growth long after the drought has ended. Similarly, more frequent and severe droughts could quickly overwhelm any benefits.
However, our results suggest that we may be underestimating how resilient some forests are and overestimating how many future droughts will cost trees. It could have implications for climate change, so scientists will need to find out more about this mechanism to strengthen their models.
We found that trees respond differently to drought, having a variety of sizes and growth rates could leave forests in better stead to respond to the challenges the future will bring.
But in just a few decades, the same description will fit another global crisis: climate change. As awful as this pandemic is, climate change could be worse.
A global crisis has shocked the world. It is causing a tragic number of deaths, making people afraid to leave home, and leading to economic hardship not seen in many generations. Its effects are rippling across the world.
I am talking about COVID-19. But in just a few decades, the same description will fit another global crisis: climate change. As awful as this pandemic is, climate change could be worse.
I realize that it’s hard to think about a problem like climate change right now. When disaster strikes, it is human nature to worry only about meeting our most immediate needs, especially when the disaster is as bad as COVID-19. But the fact that dramatically higher temperatures seem far off in the future does not make them any less of a problem—and the only way to avoid the worst possible climate outcomes is to accelerate our efforts now.
Even as the world works to stop the novel coronavirus and begin recovering from it, we also need to act now to avoid a climate disaster by building and deploying innovations that will let us eliminate our greenhouse gas emissions.
You may have seen projections that, because economic activity has slowed down so much, the world will emit fewer greenhouse gases this year than last year. Although these projections are certainly true, their importance for the fight against climate change has been overstated.
Analysts disagree about how much emissions will go down this year, but the International Energy Agency puts the reduction around 8%. In real terms, that means we will release the equivalent of around 47 billion tons of carbon, instead of 51 billion.
That’s a meaningful reduction, and we would be in great shape if we could continue that rate of decrease every year. Unfortunately, we can’t.
Consider what it’s taking to achieve this 8 percent reduction. More than 600,000 people have died, and tens of millions are out of work. This April, car traffic was half what it was in April 2019. For months, air traffic virtually came to a halt.
“What’s remarkable is not how much emissions will go down because of the pandemic, but how little.”
To put it mildly, this is not a situation that anyone would want to continue. And yet we are still on track to emit 92 percent as much carbon as we did last year. What’s remarkable is not how much emissions will go down because of the pandemic, but how little.
Also, these reductions are being achieved at, literally, the greatest possible cost.
To see why, let’s look at what it costs to avert a single ton of greenhouse gases. This figure—the cost per ton of carbon averted—is a tool that economists use to compare the expense of different carbon-reduction strategies. For example, if you have a technology that costs $1 million, and using it lets you avert the release of 10,000 tons of gas, you’re paying $100 per ton of carbon averted. In reality, $100 per ton would still be pretty expensive. But many economists think this price reflects the true cost of greenhouse gases to society, and it also happens to be a memorable round number that makes a good benchmark for discussions.
Now let’s treat the shutdown caused by COVID-19 as if it were a carbon-reduction strategy. Has closing off major parts of the economy avoided emissions at anything close to $100 per ton?
No. In the United States, according to data from the Rhodium Group, it comes to between $3,200 and $5,400 per ton. In the European Union, it’s roughly the same amount. In other words, the shutdown is reducing emissions at a cost between 32 and 54 times the $100 per ton that economists consider a reasonable price.
“To understand the kind of damage that climate change will inflict, look at COVID-19 and spread the pain out over a much longer period.”
If you want to understand the kind of damage that climate change will inflict, look at COVID-19 and spread the pain out over a much longer period. The loss of life and economic misery caused by this pandemic are on par with what will happen regularly if we do not eliminate the world’s carbon emissions.
Let’s look first at the loss of life. How many people will be killed by COVID-19 versus by climate change? Because we want to compare events that happen at different points in time—the pandemic in 2020 and climate change in, say, 2060—and the global population will change in that time, we can’t compare the absolute numbers of deaths. Instead we will use the death rate: that is, the number of deaths per 100,000 people.
As of last week, more than 600,000 people are known to have died from COVID-19 worldwide. On an annualized basis, that is a death rate of 14 per 100,000 people.
How does that compare to climate change? Within the next 40 years, increases in global temperatures are projected to raise global mortality rates by the same amount—14 deaths per 100,000. By the end of the century, if emissions growth stays high, climate change could be responsible for 73 extra deaths per 100,000 people. In a lower emissions scenario, the death rate drops to 10 per 100,000.
In other words, by 2060, climate change could be just as deadly as COVID-19, and by 2100 it could be five times as deadly.
The economic picture is also stark. The range of likely impacts from climate change and COVID-19 varies quite a bit, depending on which economic model you use. But the conclusion is unmistakable: In the next decade or two, the economic damage caused by climate change will likely be as bad as having a COVID-sized pandemic every ten years. And by the end of the century, it will be much worse if the world remains on its current emissions path.
(If you’re curious, here is the math. Recent models suggest that the cost of climate change in 2030 will likely be roughly 1 percent of America’s GDP per year. Meanwhile, current estimates for the cost of COVID-19 to the United States this year range between 7 percent and 10 percent of GDP. If we assume that a similar disruption happens once every ten years, that’s an average annual cost of 0.7 percent to 1 percent of GDP—roughly equivalent to the damage from climate change.)
“If we learn the lessons of COVID-19, we can approach climate change more informed about the consequences of inaction.”
The key point is not that climate change will be disastrous. The key point is that, if we learn the lessons of COVID-19, we can approach climate change more informed about the consequences of inaction, and more prepared to save lives and prevent the worst possible outcome. The current global crisis can inform our response to the next one.
In particular, we should:
Let science and innovation lead the way. The relatively small decline in emissions this year makes one thing clear: We cannot get to zero emissions simply—or even mostly—by flying and driving less.
Of course, cutting back is a good thing for those who can afford to do it, as I can. And I believe that many people will use teleconferencing to replace some business travel even after the pandemic is over. But overall, the world should be using more energy, not less—as long as it is clean.
Any comprehensive response to climate change will have to tap into many different disciplines. Climate science tells us why we need to deal with this problem, but not howto deal with it. For that, we’ll need biology, chemistry, physics, political science, economics, engineering, and other sciences.
Make sure solutions work for poor countries too. We don’t yet know exactly what impact COVID-19 will have on the world’s poorest people, but I am concerned that by the time this is over, they will have had the worst of it. The same goes for climate change. It will hurt the poorest people in the world the most.
Consider climate’s impact on death rates. According to a recent study published by Climate Impact Lab, although climate change will push the overall death rate up globally, the overall average will obscure an enormous disparity between rich and poor countries. More than anywhere else, climate change will dramatically increase death rates in poor countries near or below the Equator, where the weather will get even hotter and more unpredictable.
The economic pattern will probably be similar: a modest drop in global GDP, but massive declines in poorer, hotter countries.
In other words, the effects of climate change will almost certainly be harsher than COVID-19’s, and they will be the worst for the people who did the least to cause them. The countries that are contributing the most to this problem have a responsibility to try to solve it.
Besides, clean sources of energy need to be cheap enough so that low- and middle-income countries can buy them. These nations are looking to grow their economies by building factories and call centers; if this growth is powered by fossil fuels—which are now the most economical option by far—it will be even harder to get to zero emissions.
When there’s a vaccine for the coronavirus, organizations like GAVI will be ready to make sure it reaches the poorest people in the world. But there is no GAVI for clean energy. So governments, inventors, and entrepreneurs around the world need to focus on making green technologies cheap enough that developing countries will not only want them, but be able to afford them.
Start now. Unlike the novel coronavirus, for which I think we’ll have a vaccine next year, there is no two-year fix for climate change. It will take decades to develop and deploy all the clean-energy inventions we need.
We need to create a plan to avoid a climate disaster—to use the zero-carbon tools we have now, develop and deploy the many innovations we still need, and help the poorest adapt to the temperature increase that is already locked in. Although I am spending most of my time these days on COVID-19, I am still investing in promising new clean energy technologies, building programs that will help innovations scale around the world, and making the case that we need to invest in solutions that will limit the worst impacts of climate change.
Some governments and private investors are committing the funding and the policies that will help us get to zero emissions, but we need even more to join in. And we need to act with the same sense of urgency that we have for COVID-19.
Health advocates said for years that a pandemic was virtually inevitable. The world did not do enough to prepare, and now we are trying to make up for lost time. This is a cautionary tale for climate change, and it points us toward a better approach. If we start now, tap into the power of science and innovation, and ensure that solutions work for the poorest, we can avoid making the same mistake with climate change.
Key Fact behind unsustainable waste management in Singapore
Enhanced government and corporate accountability, with a commitment of the full execution of the EPR law, and more investment into upcycling innovations are yet to make a more sustainable waste management ecosystem in Singapore.
Singapore is well-known for its efficiency, cleanliness and uncountable innovations made in sustainable building design, energy and water efficiency.
Yet contempt aiming to become a ‘Zero Waste Nation’ and devoting heavily in waste management, the island state fares quite weakly when it comes to accountable resource recovery.
According to the National Environment Agency (NEA), incineration reduces waste by up to 90%, saving landfill space, and the heat recovered produces steam used to generate electricity.
In the words of the recently appointed Minister for Sustainability and the Environment, Grace Fu, Singapore is not “in a hurry” to ban plastic bags because it burns waste to produce energy.
Waste-to-energy initiatives are, however, not sustainable in the long run
People are not bound to conserve energy when they are misinformed to believe that their electricity comes from ‘green sources’. Moreover, waste-to-energy only accounts for 3% of Singapore’s total electricity needs.
They provide no encouragements to reduce waste volumes or inspire responsible recycling.
However, Singapore has low recycling rates and generates massive waste volumes for such a small city-state.
Resources are lost and misused, making needless demand for virgin materials.
They could ease innovation in waste management, including upcycling waste into other, higher-value products besides electricity, or delay the transition to more renewable energy sources.
Incineration naturally leads to growing carbon emissions, and air pollution could potentially pose a health hazard. Although, experts from the NEA claims that Singapore’s waste-to-energy technology is ecologically and health-friendly.
Since most trash is incinerated, plastic alternatives often advertised as biodegradable may not be more eco-friendly in Singapore’s context.
They would either need a specialised industry facility to be processed or would need to be left in the landfill to degrade.
China to start its carbon emissions trading scheme next month
China’s deferred carbon trading system will start operating in February, the environment ministry has said, as the world’s main polluter takes standings towards decarbonising its economy by 2060.
The ministry issued rules on Tuesday permitting regional governments to set pollution caps for big power industries for the very first time.
Firms can purchase the right to pollute from others who have a lower carbon footprint, but the plan is likely to drive down total emissions by turning it more costly to do so.
“This is one of the most exciting developments for the world’s largest carbon market in the recent rollercoaster year,” said Zhang Jianyu, vice president of the Environmental Defence Fund China, which has referred with the government on emissions trading.
However, 60% of power in China is still based on coal despite striving renewable energy targets, and experts advise the powerful coal lobby will be demanding hard for constructive carbon caps.
Under the new guidelines, more than 2,200 firms that release over 26,000 tonnes of greenhouse gases per year can start exchanging their emission quotas from Feb 1.
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China’s countrywide system is likely to conceal that of the European Union to become the world’s largest emissions trading scheme (ETS).
Beijing has promised to peak emissions before 2030 and become carbon neutral 30 years later. But it turned back preliminary plans to limit emissions from seven other industries including aviation, steel and petrochemical manufacturing.
“When Europe started its exchange scheme in 2005, there were matters in the first phase where members were kind of conceding into lobbying pressure,” said Li Shuo from Greenpeace China.
China’s greenhouse gas emissions in 2019 were projected at 13.92 billion tonnes – about 29% of the world’s total associated with global warming.
Once fully effective, the ETS will cover about a third of China’s national emissions, according to the International Carbon Action Partnership.
However, it is uncertain whether China will comprise businesses outside the power sector in the system.
Source: AFP/NH
If global warming is happening, our question is how can the Earth’s atmosphere be getting colder?
In some ways, this query repeats another by climate change skeptics: If global warming is happening, why is it colder in some places than earlier years? For one thing, weather and seasons are still occurring.
Equally, colder weather in some areas is contradicted with hotter temperatures in other places, and research suggests that global warming might be discharging surrounded cold air.
Similarly, even as the lower atmosphere is warming, a new study revealed that the Earth’s upper atmosphere is cooling because of rising carbon dioxide levels and variations in the magnetic field.
“The rise in CO2 concentration is the foremost cause of cooling in the upper atmosphere, while effects of magnetic field changes also play a significant role near the poles, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere,” remarked Ingrid Cnossen, a fellow at the British Antarctic Survey and author of the study.
While the troposphere, the layer contiguous to the Earth, cools as you go upper, the next level — the stratosphere — truly warms as you get nearer to the sun.
Even upper layers, including the mesosphere and thermosphere, are mostly cold, but the research found that temperatures have been falling even further in all three layers.
It is not clear whether global warming, which impacts the troposphere, is behind the cooling of upper layers, Cnossen said, but these effects of climate change could have stern results on everything from melting glaciers to humans’ ability to fly.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years of working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
Is climate change cooling the Earth's upper atmosphere?
Surprisingly, climate change might be cooling the Earth’s upper atmosphere. But yes, global warming is still happening.
Story at a glance
Global warming is escalating average temperatures across the world and triggering extreme weather events.
Similarly, a new study revealed that temperatures of the Earth’s upper atmosphere are cooling.
These deviations might have a consequence on both climate and aeroplane technology.
If global warming is happening, our question is how can the Earth’s atmosphere be getting colder?
In some ways, this query repeats another by climate change skeptics: If global warming is happening, why is it colder in some places than earlier years? For one thing, weather and seasons are still occurring.
Equally, colder weather in some areas is contradicted with hotter temperatures in other places, and research suggests that global warming might be discharging surrounded cold air.
Similarly, even as the lower atmosphere is warming, a new study revealed that the Earth’s upper atmosphere is cooling because of rising carbon dioxide levels and variations in the magnetic field.
“The rise in CO2 concentration is the foremost cause of cooling in the upper atmosphere, while effects of magnetic field changes also play a significant role near the poles, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere,” remarked Ingrid Cnossen, a fellow at the British Antarctic Survey and author of the study.
While the troposphere, the layer contiguous to the Earth, cools as you go upper, the next level — the stratosphere — truly warms as you get nearer to the sun.
Even upper layers, including the mesosphere and thermosphere, are mostly cold, but the research found that temperatures have been falling even further in all three layers.
It is not clear whether global warming, which impacts the troposphere, is behind the cooling of upper layers, Cnossen said, but these effects of climate change could have stern results on everything from melting glaciers to humans’ ability to fly.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years of working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
Soil bacteria can live on air – and also assist to control climate change.
Soil plays a significant role in regulating climate change than earlier thought according to a new study co-authored by an academic from Queen Mary University of London.
This study found that over 70% of soil bacteria can living off the small amounts of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane in the air, assisting to control atmospheric pollution.
Gas meeting energy needs
The findings, issued in Nature Microbiology, disclose that as many as 19 different bacterial groups (or phyla) can live on small gas amounts, allowing that oxidation of most of these trace gases is a generalist process, rather than an expert one as earlier recommended.
Dr James Bradley, Lecturer in Environmental Science at Queen Mary University of London and co-author of the study said: “We usually think of organic carbon being the main source of energy to soil microbes. Our findings shows that in fact, these soil microbes use trace gases such as hydrogen to get their energy needs.
“The response of hydrogen and oxygen emits a lot of energy – enough that it is frequently used in aerospace engineering to launch rockets into orbit. Now we know that these substitute reactions are widespread among soil microbes, and supply at least sufficient energy to meet their basic energy needs.”
“The remark that trace gases may tolerate most soil bacteria has extensive implications for understanding how bacteria outline the composition of the air we breathe, and for understanding microbial biodiversity and resilience in a changing world,” Dr Chiri said.
With bacteria accepting this flexible diet it gives researchers a new knowledge of how extensive and fruitful soils can be and how microorganisms familiarise to live in different environments. Bacteria with the metabolic flexibility to use both organic and mineral energy sources are likely to have a specific advantage in soil environments.
In normal environments, most microorganisms are not rising and instead exist in several dormant states, kind of “hibernating” during tough times.
How they do so is not clear, and yet, research on microbial metabolism often emphases on comparatively few bacteria easy to grow in laboratory conditions, while supervising the dormant majority.
“Our study is rewriting our existing knowledge of how the dormant majority survives in soils, showing that its existence depends on an earlier unknown metabolic flexibility”, Dr Bay said.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years of working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
In a newspaper issued in the peer-reviewed journal Environment, scientist Robert Walker has prophesied that the unrelieved deforestation will demolish the Amazon rainforests by 2064 and the green protection will be wiped away from its existence.
The fellow at the University of Florida in his findings has said that in the years to come, it will turn into a grassland. The land will have inflammable grasses and plants, informed the Daily Mail.
According to the newspaper, the rise of drought-based tree mortality is the main concern. It will twig from the synergies of fire and deforestation.
The deviations in the regional hydroclimate are said to impact the Amazon rainforest. The droughts are destroying off the vulnerable tree species of the rainforest.
According to the newspaper, the disaster will be worse than our imagination because of the necessity of the local community on the Amazon rainforest for water.
Not only for the local community, but the effect is also going to be on the world as well. The main tropical forest which is covered around 2.3 million square miles in area controls the oxygen and carbon cycle of the ecosphere and cuts air pollution. It is the reason for calling the lungs of the Earth.
It is thought that the year 2064 will be a tipping point as the droughts will be so regular that the rainforest will not be able to improve from them. Now, they occur every four years.
The facts behind deforestation of the forestry are many but the key one is the removal of the forest land-dwelling to use it for the farming of crops. According to Professor Robert, the collapse of environmental governance in Amazonian countries, most significantly Brazil, are counting to the concerns people have about the future of the rainforest.
He added that deforestation grasped a low point in 2012 when actions were taken to curb it but soon started rising again.
An expert from the University of Leeds, Dr Adriane Muelbert has said that the retort of the ecosystem is lagging behind the frequency of climate change.
She said that a significant level of mortality was seen in the trees and the species that are prepared to survive drier climates also didn’t give enough compensatory growth.
Professor Robert agrees with Dr Adriane as he said that if a canopy needs more than four years to recover from the harm in one year, then a forest can’t survive. The length of the dry season has also enlarged which doesn’t give the canopies sufficient time to grow.
Robert Toovey Walker (2021) Collision Course: Development Pushes Amazonia Toward Its Tipping Point, Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 63:1, 15-25, DOI: 10.1080/00139157.2021.1842711
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years of working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
Although the world has been stressed to get to clutches with the coronavirus pandemic, millions of people have also had to deal with the effects of life-threatening weather events.
Christian Aid’s list of ten storms, fires and floods all cost at least $1.5bn – with nine of the 10 estimating at least $5bn.
An unusually rainy monsoon season was related to some of the most harmful storms in Asia, where some of the major losses were. Over dated months, heavy flooding in India got more than 2,000 deaths with millions of people expatriated from their homes.
The worth of the insured losses is appraised at $10bn.
“We saw highest temperatures in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, spanning between 30°C-33°C,” said Dr Roxy Mathew Koll, a climate scientist at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology in Pune.
“These high temperatures had the features of marine heatwaves that might have led to the rapid escalation of the pre-monsoon cyclones Amphan and Nisarga,” he said in a comment on the Christian Aid study.
“Amphan was one of the sturdiest cyclones ever logged in the Bay of Bengal during the pre-monsoon season.”
Africa was also on the getting end of life-threatening events, with massive locust swarms ruining crops and vegetation to the tune of $8.5bn.
The UN has linked these swarms to climate change, with remarkably heavy rains in the Middle East and the Horn of Africa in topical years causing to the locust outbreaks.
Europe also observed noteworthy impacts when Storm Ciara swept through Ireland, the UK and some other countries in February.
It caused in 14 lives being lost and damages of $2.7bn.
Christian Aid address that these figures for financial costs are likely an undervalues as they are grounded only on insured losses.
Richer countries have more treasured properties, and on the whole, suffer greater monetary forfeits from extreme events.
But financial losses don’t carry the full impact of these storms and fires.
While South Sudan’s floods weren’t among the highest in dollar terms, they have had a massive impact, killing 138 people and destroying this year’s crops.
Researchers say that the impact of climate change on extreme events is vigorous and likely to continue rising.
“Just like 2019 before it, 2020 has been full of disastrous extremes,” said Dr Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick, from the Climate Change Research Centre at the University of New South Wales in Australia.
“We have observed all this with a 1°C of global average temperature rise, prioritizing the complex relationship between average conditions and extremes.”
“Ultimately, the effects of climate change will be stroked via the extremes, and not averaged changes.”
“Unfortunately, we can suppose more years to look like 2020 – and inferior – as world temperatures creep higher.”
While 2021 is likely to take a similar story of losses from life-threatening events, there is some sense of confidence that political leaders may be on the edge of captivating steps that might help the world tackle the worst excesses of rising temperatures.
“It is vital that 2021 leaders in a new era of action to turn this climate change surge,” said report author, Dr Kat Kramer, from Christian Aid.
“With President-elect Biden in the White House, social movements across the world calling for vital action, post-COVID-19 green regaining investment and a crucial UN climate summit hosted by the UK, there is a great chance for countries to put us on a route to a safe future.”
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years of working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
Coral reefs in danger until a radical decrease in greenhouse-gas emissions
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has informed that the Caribbean, addressing other places, might lose its coral reefs by the end of the century until there is a radical decrease in greenhouse-gas emissions.
“In the aspect of indecision, coral reefs will disappear soon,” said Leticia Carvalho, head of UNEP’s Marine and Freshwater Branch.
“People must act with evidence-based perseverance, determination and innovation to change the path for this ecosystem, which is the canary in the coal mine for climate’s effect on oceans before it’s too late,” she added.
UNEP said coral reefs are “Unbelievably important and sustain an extensive variety of marine life”.
They also shield coastlines from erosions from waves and storms, sink carbon and nitrogen, and help recycle nutrients.
“Their damage would have overwhelming consequences not only for marine life but also for over a billion people globally who benefit directly or indirectly from them,” it said. “When water temperatures increase, corals eject the vibrant microscopic algae living in their tissues.”
This phenomenon is called coral bleaching – and although bleached corals are still alive, they can recover their algae, if conditions improve.
“However, the damage puts them under amplified stressed, and if the bleaching persists, the corals die,” UNEP warned.
It said the last global bleaching event started in 2014 and prolonged well into 2017.
UNEP said it spread across the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans, and was “the longest, most persistent and disparaging coral bleaching incident ever noted.”
It assumes two possible scenarios: a “worst-case scenario” of the world economy severely determined by fossil fuels, and a “middle-of-the-road” wherein Caribbean and other countries overdo their current pledges to limit carbon emissions by 50%.
Under the fossil-fuel-heavy situation, the report assumes that every one of the world’s reefs will bleach by the end of the century, with yearly severe bleaching occurring on average by 2034, nine years ahead of predictions published three years ago.
“This would outline the point of no return for reefs, cooperating their ability to supply a range of ecosystem services, including food, coastal protection, medicines and recreation opportunities,” the report informs.
Should countries achieve the “middle-of-the-road” scenario, severe bleaching could be deferred by 11 years, to 2045, UNEP said.
The report’s lead author, Ruben van Hooidonk, a coral researcher with America’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), said “the miserable part is that the forecasts are even more terrible than before.
“We try to reduce our carbon emissions to save these reefs,” he said.
“This report explains that we need to do it even more instantly and take more action because it’s even worse than we thought.”
According to UNEP, while it is yet to precisely how corals adapt to changing temperatures, the report detects any opportunity of these adaptations pretentious between 0.25 degree Celsius and 2 degrees Celsius of warming.
It creates that every quarter degree of adaption leads to a possible seven-year suspension in projected annual bleaching.
That means corals could obtain a 30-year absolution from severe bleaching if they can familiarise to 1 degree Celsius of warming, the report says.
“However, if people keep up with its existing greenhouse-gas emissions, corals won’t last even with 2 degrees Celsius of adaptation,” it advises.
Saving the coral
Over the year, we have been searching for how people are reacting to climate change.
In June, we heard from the head of a team of researchers in Hawaii,
ground-breaking new techniques to preserve living coral, and eventually, save the biodiversity and genetic variety of coral reefs across the world.
Mary Hagedorn told UN News that one of the major threats to coral reefs in the warming of the oceans, which causes them more acidic and averts the coral from captivating the calcium carbonate that needs to grow.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years of working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
Climate change could cause 63 million migrants in South Asia by 2050
The rising impacts of climate change have already forced more than 18 million people to migrate within South Asian countries, but that could more than triple if global warming remains on its existing rate, researchers informed.
Approximately 63 million people could be pushed from their homes by 2050 in South Asia as rising seas and river-side villages, and drought-hit land no longer helps crops, said ActionAid International and Climate Action Network South Asia in a report.
The forecast doesn’t include those who will force to flee unexpected disasters such as floods and cyclones, and so, is likely an irony, noted Harjeet Singh, global climate lead at ActionAid.
He said the consequence could become “catastrophic”.
Many will move to towns and cities from rural areas within their own countries, in search of work, he said.
There they will take shelter in slum areas exposed to flooding and with limited access to social services, doing perilous jobs such as rickshaw-pulling, construction or garment-making.
“Politicians in the Global North and the Global South are not yet awakening to this reality,” Singh told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. “They aren’t understanding the scale of the problem, and how we are going to deal with (it).”
He requested rich nations with high global-warming emissions to increase efforts to reduce their carbon pollution and afford more funding for South Asian countries to make cleanly and explain to conditions on a warming planet.
If governments achieve a globally agreed goal to bound warming to below 2 degrees Celsius, the number of people driven to move in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Nepal could be limit almost by half by 2050, the report said.
The new report, which used a recent version of the same methodology, raises the original 2050 prediction for South Asian migration by about half, adding in new statistics on sea-level rise, as well as the consequences of ecosystem losses and droughts.
This updated report also tracks anticipated migration on a greater scale.
Preparing for movement
The forecasts have financial consequences for nations such as India and Bangladesh, where poor people often lack the means to go far from their native homes to safer places without national support.
The new statistics show the biggest number of people are likely to migrate by 2050 in India, at more than 45 million.
But the country with the intense projected rise in migration in Bangladesh, with a seven-fold increase from today.
The report included examples collected by aid workers of people who have already been hit by deteriorating climate pressures.
In Pakistan’s arid Tharparkar district, Rajo, 37, and her husband, both labourers, moved to three different places in their area in the last three years to escape hunger caused by severe drought.
She lost a baby because of the heavy lifting in her job and had to borrow money from the landowner to cover medical bills for her family, told the researchers.
Kabita Maity, from an island in the Sundarbans delta region of India, had to migrate five times as earlier homes were gobbled up by the sea.
“We will have to stay here until the sea pushes us out, as we don’t have funds to buy land and relocate inwards,” Maity was quoted as saying.
The report called on South Asian governments to do more to prepare for deteriorating shift linked to climate change – and highlighted the importance of acting now to limit the number of people who will push to migrate in the future.
It recommended strengthening social protection systems to provide cash, and work for those affected by climate extremes and educating the basic services for migrant workers in towns – now hit doubly by the COVID-19 pandemic, with many left unemployed.
Measures that can help avoid “distress migration” include encouraging farming methods that keep soils in good condition, managing water more efficiently, improving access to markets or cultivating new crops and ways to earn money, the report noted.
Where people will move, authorities need to confirm the land is safe and fertile, tenure rights are secure, and people have enough money to build new homes, it added.
Sanjay Vashist, director of Climate Action Network South Asia, said undertaking poverty and difference also needed to be part of regional responses to climate migration.
“South Asian leaders must join forces and fix plans for the safety of migrating people,” he said in a statement.
This report has prepared based on the Thomson Reuters Foundation, Barcelona.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years of working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
Climate Change Could Affect Ecological Balance in Higher Altitudes
Scientists from ETH Zürich, the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), and the University of Neuchâtel researched to see what could happen if herbivores—including different grasshoppers from middle elevations—inhabitant in alpine meadows at advanced elevations and came across new plant communities there. The study was issued recently in the Science journal.
Different grasshopper species those were translocated from middle altitudes (1,400 m above sea level) to three alpine grassland sites at elevations of 1800, 2070, and 2270 m above sea level, where the grasshoppers were in cages. The researchers detached local grasshoppers from the investigational areas before the experiment, performed in the Anzeindaz region in the Vaud Alps.
As part of the study, the team restrained how the biomass, structure, and composition of the alpine plant communities diverse under the impact of the herbivorous insects. They also investigated whether certain plant species were more exposed to herbivory, for example, plants with rough leaves, or those that contain more silica or other components like tannins or phenols.
Lowland Grasshoppers Influence Alpine Community
The ecologists found that the feeding activities of the grasshoppers had a clear impact on the flora structure and conformation of the alpine flora. Alpine communities show clear structure in the organization of the canopy, where plants with tough leaves are at the top, and more shade-tolerant plants with softer leaves are at the bottom.
However, there was an impact on this natural organization since the translocated grasshoppers tended to feed on taller and tough alpine plants, which had functional characteristics like leaf structure, chemical defence, nutrient content, or growth form analogous to those of their previous, lower-elevation food plants.
Thus, the insects reduced the biomass of dominant, tough alpine plants, thereby supporting the growth of smaller plant species evaded by the herbivores. It led to a growth in the total plant diversity in the short term.
“Immigrant herbivores consume specific plants in their new location and these changes, and it reorganises the competitive interaction between those alpine plant species.”
Patrice Descombes, Study First Author, ETH Zürich
Global warming, for example, could distress the ecological balance since mobile animals, such as the different species of herbivorous insects, can extend their habitat to higher elevations more quickly associated with sedentary plants.
Thus, herbivorous insects from lower altitudes could make their way into alpine habitats. Their resident plants are ineffectively or entirely not ready to protect themselves against the new herbivores.
That could change the current structure and purpose of alpine plant communities as a whole. Consequently, climate change would have an unintended effect on ecosystems, apart from the direct consequences of increasing temperatures.
Important Drivers of Changed Ecosystems
According to Loïc Pellisier, Professor of Landscape Ecology at ETH Zürich and WSL, this indirect impact of climate change on ecosystems is one of the most crucial results to be obtained from the study.
“Climate impact research has largely investigated the direct effects of temperature on ecosystems, but these novel interactions that arise between species moving into new habitats could generate important structural modifications. They are important drivers of changed ecosystems in an increasingly warm climate.”
Loïc Pellisier, Professor of Landscape Ecology, ETH Zürich
Using the study outcomes, the researchers aim to improve models that have fallen short of totally contributing such processes until now. Moreover, they hope that this will increase the prognosis of how climate change will affect the functioning of ecosystems and the services they offer.
Journal Reference:
Descombes, P., et al. (2020) Novel trophic interactions under climate change promote alpine plant coexistence. Science. doi.org/10.1126/science.abd7015.
When novel organisms change to a new habitat, they could encourage the ecological balance that has been formed over a long time. Herbivores and plants are classified by long-term co-evolution, which has formed not only their geographic distribution but also the features that they show in their habitats.
At higher advancements, insect herbivores are less plentiful in general, leading to plants being less well-protected against herbivores, due to quicker growing seasons and lower energy.
Besides, plant species natural to lower raises safeguard themselves against more varied and plentiful herbivores by having thorns or hair, spikes, or toxic substances. This environmental organization could be affected by climate change.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years of working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
Climate Change Could Affect Ecological Balance in Higher Altitudes
When novel organisms change to a new habitat, they could encourage the ecological balance that has been formed over a long time. Herbivores and plants are categorised by long-term co-evolution, which has formed not only their geographic distribution but also the features that they show in their habitats.
At higher advancements, insect herbivores are less plentiful in general, leading to plants being less well-protected against herbivores, due to quicker growing seasons and lower energy.
Besides, plant species natural to lower raises safeguard themselves against more varied and plentiful herbivores by having thorns or hair, spikes, or toxic substances. This environmental organization could be affected by climate change.
Grasshoppers Translocated to High Elevations
Scientists from ETH Zürich, the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), and the University of Neuchâtel experimented to see what could happen if herbivores—including different grasshoppers from middle elevations—inhabitant in alpine meadows at advanced elevations and came across new plant communities there. The study was issued recently in the Science journal.
Different grasshopper species were translocated from middle altitudes (1,400 m above sea level) to three alpine grassland sites at elevations of 1800, 2070, and 2270 m above sea level, where the grasshoppers were kept in cages. The researchers detached local grasshoppers from the investigational areas before the experiment, which was performed in the Anzeindaz region in the Vaud Alps.
As part of the study, the team restrained how the biomass, structure, and composition of the alpine plant communities diverse under the impact of the herbivorous insects. They also investigated whether certain plant species were more exposed to herbivory, for example, plants with harder leaves, or those that contain more silica or other components like tannins or phenols.
Lowland Grasshoppers Influence Alpine Community
The ecologists found that the feeding activities of the grasshoppers had a clear impact on the flora structure and conformation of the alpine flora. Alpine communities show clear structure in the organization of the canopy, where plants with tough leaves are at the top and more shade-tolerant plants with softer leaves are at the bottom.
However, there was an impact on this natural organization since the translocated grasshoppers tended to feed on taller and tough alpine plants, which had functional characteristics like leaf structure, chemical defence, nutrient content, or growth form analogous to those of their previous, lower-elevation food plants.
Thus, the insects reduced the biomass of dominant, tough alpine plants, thereby supporting the growth of smaller plant species evaded by the herbivores. This led to a growth in the total plant diversity in the short term.
“Immigrant herbivores consume specific plants in their new location and this changes and reorganises the competitive interaction between those alpine plant species.”
Patrice Descombes, Study First Author, ETH Zürich
Global warming, for example, could distress the ecological balance since mobile animals, such as the different species of herbivorous insects, can extend their habitat to higher elevations more quickly associated to sedentary plants.
Thus, herbivorous insects from lower altitudes could simply make their way into alpine habitats where resident plants are ineffectively or entirely not ready to protect themselves against the new herbivores.
This could change the current structure and purpose of alpine plant communities as a whole. Thus, climate change would have an unintended effect on ecosystems, apart from the direct consequences of increasing temperatures.
Important Drivers of Changed Ecosystems
According to Loïc Pellisier, Professor of Landscape Ecology at ETH Zürich and WSL, this indirect impact of climate change on ecosystems is one of the most crucial results to be obtained from the study.
“Climate impact research has largely investigated the direct effects of temperature on ecosystems, but these novel interactions that arise between species moving into new habitats could generate important structural modifications. They are important drivers of changed ecosystems in an increasingly warm climate.”
Loïc Pellisier, Professor of Landscape Ecology, ETH Zürich
Using the study outcomes, the researchers aim to improve models that have fallen short of completely contributing such processes until now. Moreover, they hope that this will increase the prognosis of how climate change will affect the functioning of ecosystems and the services they offer.
Journal Reference:
Descombes, P., et al. (2020) Novel trophic interactions under climate change promote alpine plant coexistence. Science. doi.org/10.1126/science.abd7015.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years of working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
climate change could devastate nearly all of Earth's coral reef habitats by 2100
Climate change is making aquatic heatwaves extensive and more frequent, which has caused several mass coral bleaching events in recent years. Now it looks that few corals can recover from bleaching even while aquatic heatwaves are unending.
The aquatic heatwave was the extended ever documented. “Scientists had projected that no coral reef would observe that much heat stress until mid-century,” says Baum.
Baum’s team categorized more than 100 corals of two species – Platygyra ryukyuensis and Favites pentagona – at many sites around the island. Some were in places close to populated villages, meaning they had already been troubled, and others were in areas that were primaeval before the heatwave began. The group snapped and traced individual corals over the progression of the heatwave.
The team was astonished to notice that some corals survived bleaching, improving even though the water temperature was still raised.
These corals primarily cohabited with heat-sensitive symbiotic algae, tolerated the bleaching event, and then improved by teaming up with heat-tolerant symbionts.
In regular marine temperatures, heat-sensitive algae are plentiful partners to their coral hosts, photosynthesizing and giving the corals with energy. Corals in companionships with heat-sensitive algae look fatter because they can make lipid reserves, says Baum.
“Corals are only shown this ability to recover from bleaching while still in hot water if they weren’t also exposed to strong local stressors,” says Baum.
The team identified that corals in highly troubled areas confined mainly heat-tolerant symbionts before the heatwave. Although they primarily counterattacked bleaching, F. pentagona corals that began with heat-tolerant algae had no existence advantage, and P. ryukyuensis corals with the symbionts were essentially 3.3 times less likely to live.
The results indicate that local shield of corals is helpful in the face of climate change, says Baum.
Reef-building corals can make unpredicted recoveries from climate change-induced damage.
It turns out that some corals only look defunct when exposed to unusually warm water. Instead, the coral’s polyps shrink and flight into their hard skeleton, making the reef appear dead, before recolonizing the skeleton when conditions are better. It is an endurance method never seen before in today’s corals – but it may not help the corals as the climate endures to change.
Corals have been hard hit by warming waters. Reefs globally, including the Great Barrier Reef, are edging towards collapse. The slow-growing endangered species Cladocora caespitosa is particularly exposed to destruction with little sign so far as to whether it can regenerate.
The Climate Action Summit is over. Some 70 Heads of Government, along with local and city leaders, and heads of major businesses, have delivered a series of new measures, policies and plans, aimed at making a big hollow in greenhouse gas emissions, and ensuring that the warming of the planet is limited to 1.5°C.
The number of states coming frontward with reinforced national climate plans (NDCs) grew remarkably today, with commitments covering some of the top emitters globally on display.
The UK, which is organizing next year’s UN Climate Conference, declared that it aims to cut emissions by 68%, compared to 1990 levels, within the next five years, and the European Union bloc committed to a 55% cut over the same time dated.
At least 24 states announced new pledges, strategies or plans to reach carbon neutrality, and several states set out how they are going even more, with resolute dates to reach net-zero: Finland by 2035, Austria by 2040 and Sweden by 2045.
Pakistan declared that its sparring plans for new coal power plants, India will soon more than double its renewable energy target, and China committed to increasing the share of non-fossil fuel in primary energy consumption to around 25% by 2030.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years of working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
Climate change to lose polar bear inhabitants by 2100
Global carbon emissions may have temperate Earth by 18% more than formerly thought, hoisting the outlook of the world having less time than estimated to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement and evadetragic climate change.
The global average temperature is expected to have scaled about 1.07°C since the industrial revolution, up from a prior estimate of 0.91°C.
This revise brings all three of the world’s key temperature data sets in the line, signifying the real temperature rise is at the higher end of preceding ranges.
The result means governments may have less time to limit carbon emissions to grasp the temperature rise to 1.5°C or 2°C under the Paris contract, and recent estimates of future warming may rise too.
“Climate change hasn’t rapidly got worse. It’s just our assessment of how much warming has taken place has enhanced,” says Tim Osborn at the University of East Anglia, UK, who today published a paper with Met Office colleagues on the fifth update to the data, known as the Hadley Centre Climatic Research Unit Temperature (HadCRUT5).
The 18% increase is the highest in years of HadCRUT revisions but brings it approximately in line with the two other main data sets used to observe global temperatures, run by US agencies NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
It is remarkable how strongly these three independent data sets now resemble one another, says Kate Marvel at Columbia University, New York, who wasn’t engaged to Osborn’s paper.
The change was overdue, say, climate scientists. “Honestly, many of us have extensivelydocumented that the HadCRUT data set overestimated the warming,” says Michael Mann at Pennsylvania State University.
There are two key reasons for the 0.16°C upwards changes in the previous warming. The biggest was changes to how the HadCRUT team looked at sea surface temperatures, distinctively how it was calculated by ships taking the temperature of seawater in their engine rooms.
The new is that gaps in the data set’s reporting of the Arctic, which has been warming two to three times as fast as the global average, have been filled in. Before grid squares for the region were left empty if there was no observational data – now they are expected with data from nearby squares.
The new research may efficientlyminimize the world’s carbon budget, the amount that can be emitted without breaching temperature targets. The UN’s climate science panel, the IPCC, said in 2018 that global emissions need to roughly halve by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050 to have a two-thirds chance of staying under 1.5°C.
It is too early to say how much today’s update may change that timeline. “The IPCC has overestimated the available carbon budget through choices that tend to underestimate the warming we’ve already experienced. That, of course, means that there is a lot more work to do if we are to avoid dangerous warming,” says Mann.
The other outcome of the elevated warming is some estimates of climate sensitivity – how much the world will warm based on a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide – will rise slightly, says Osborn.
In the end, the review to HadCRUT doesn’t significantly change our situation, researchers told New Scientist, as governments and scientists rely on more than one of the key temperature data sets. “None of these things modifies the big picture: the earth is warming and it’s because of human activities,” says Gavin Schmidt at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies.
The Climate Action Summit is over. Some 70 Heads of Government, along with local and city leaders, and heads of major businesses, have delivered a series of new measures, policies and plans, aimed at making a big hollow in greenhouse gas emissions, and ensuring that the warming of the planet is limited to 1.5°C.
The number of states coming frontward with reinforced national climate plans (NDCs) grew remarkably today, with commitments covering some of the top emitters globally on display.
The UK, which is organizing next year’s UN Climate Conference, declared that it aims to cut emissions by 68%, compared to 1990 levels, within the next five years, and the European Union bloc committed to a 55% cut over the same time dated.
At least 24 states announced new pledges, strategies or plans to reach carbon neutrality, and several states set out how they are going even more, with resolute dates to reach net-zero: Finland by 2035, Austria by 2040 and Sweden by 2045.
Pakistan declared that its sparring plans for new coal power plants, India will soon more than double its renewable energy target, and China committed to increasing the share of non-fossil fuel in primary energy consumption to around 25% by 2030.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years of working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
A recent report from the International oceanic advocacy group, Oceana, has identified Florida as having more wildlife incidents by plastics pollutions in the ocean than anywhere else in the United States.
Ocean’s report revealed the evidence of nearly 1800 marine animals becoming dishevelled in or swallowing plastic wreckages in the ocean dating back to 2009. Of those 1800 animals, 88% are listed as either threatened or vulnerable.
Sea turtles, manatees, and other marine life off the coast of Florida made up 55% of the animals who were battered or slain by plastic pollution in the report.
“Looking through more than 300 cases of the way plastic is excruciatingly going through these animals is just actually a sad story,” Kim Warner, a senior scientist with Oceana, said.
Warner would continue to say that she also believes the bottlenose dolphin population in Florida swallows a substantial amount of plastic as well. It is harder to study; however, since most dolphins die in the ocean where their bodies are not able to be collected.
The Environmental Protection Agency, however, speaks that the plastics off the beach of Florida are the fault of other countries.
“60% of the world’s marine litter comes from six Asian countries,” Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Andrew Wheeler said from the White House in 2019.
The EPA also released its plan to address marine pollution. The plan stated they would be looking to stop other countries from “making our oceans into their landfills.”
“The United States has some of the most attractive coastlines and oceans in the world, and the coastlines are implausible,” President Trump is quoted as saying in the EPA’s plan. “As president, I will continue to do everything I can to stop other nations from making our oceans into their landfills.”
A recent report proposes that the United States plays a far greater role in marine plastic pollution than the EPA is signifying it does, however. This report addressed that the United States generates the most plastic waste of any country on the planet.
Co-author of the report and director of Ocean Conservancy’s Trash Free Seas program, Nick Mallos, commented on the USA’s role in oceanic plastic pollution.
“The United States produces the most plastic waste of any other country in the world, but rather than identifying the problem in the eye, we have delegated it to the developing countries and become a top giver to the ocean plastics crisis,” said Mallos.
“The resolution has to start at home. We need to generate less, by cutting out needless single-use plastics; we need to make better, by creating innovative new ways to package and carry goods; and where plastics are unavoidable, we need to improve our recycling rates.”
The Climate Action Summit is over. Some 70 Heads of Government, along with local and city leaders, and heads of major businesses, have delivered a series of new measures, policies and plans, aimed at making a big hollow in greenhouse gas emissions, and ensuring that the warming of the planet is limited to 1.5°C.
The number of states coming frontward with reinforced national climate plans (NDCs) grew remarkably today, with commitments covering some of the top emitters globally on display.
The UK, which is organizing next year’s UN Climate Conference, declared that it aims to cut emissions by 68%, compared to 1990 levels, within the next five years, and the European Union bloc committed to a 55% cut over the same time dated.
At least 24 states announced new pledges, strategies or plans to reach carbon neutrality, and several states set out how they are going even more, with resolute dates to reach net-zero: Finland by 2035, Austria by 2040 and Sweden by 2045.
Pakistan declared that its sparring plans for new coal power plants, India will soon more than double its renewable energy target, and China committed to increasing the share of non-fossil fuel in primary energy consumption to around 25% by 2030.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years of working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
The Climate Action Summit is over. Some 70 Heads of Government, along with local and city leaders, and heads of major businesses, have delivered a series of new measures, policies and plans, aimed at making a big hollow in greenhouse gas emissions, and ensuring that the warming of the planet is limited to 1.5°C.
The number of states coming frontward with reinforced national climate plans (NDCs) grew remarkably today, with commitments covering some of the global main emitters on display.
The UK, which is organizing next year’s UN Climate Conference, declared that it aims to cut emissions by 68%, compared to 1990 levels, within the next five years, and the European Union bloc committed to a 55% cut over the same time dated.
At least 24 states announced new pledges, strategies or plans to reach carbon neutrality, and several states set out how they are going even more, with resolute dates to reach net-zero: Finland by 2035, Austria by 2040 and Sweden by 2045.
Pakistan declared that its sparring plans for new coal power plants, India will soon more than double its renewable energy target, and China committed to increasing the share of non-fossil fuel in primary energy consumption to around 25% by 2030.
This link will take you to the Summit press release, with full details of the commitments made today.
These statements are a sign that there is real momentum as we head towards the next big step on the road to carbon neutrality, the COP26 UN Climate Conference, in November 2021. UN News will continue to report on the fight against the climate crisis, up to and beyond COP26 and, for more features, news stories, interviews and more, you can look through our archive, which you will find here.
What comes next?
The Summit is categorized as the preliminary gun for the “The sprint to Glasgow”, referring to the deferred UN Climate Conference (COP26) which will hold in the Scottish city in November 2021. The year-long sprint is a push for states to declare even more striving and widespread plans to curb emissions and make their economies “Greener” and more sustainable.
The virus shaped economic havoc on the world but, with the release of COVID-19 vaccines expected in 2021, economies will begin opening up, and the UN is fronting attempts to ensure that the world will “Build back better”, rather than returning to a fossil-fuel based business as usual.
To know more on UN’s vision for a cleaner future, check out the climate change website, which outlines some of the ways that the world should remake, with six climate-positive actions, including investments in sustainable jobs and businesses, ending bailouts for infecting industries and fossil-fuel grants, including climate risks and opportunities in all financial and policy decisions.
Saving the coral
Over the year, we have been searching for how people are reacting to climate change. In June, we heard from the head of a team of researchers in Hawaii, ground-breaking new techniques to preserve living coral, and eventually save the biodiversity and genetic variety of coral reefs across the world.
Mary Hagedorn told UN News that one of the key threats to coral reefs is the warming of the oceans, which causes them more acidic, and averts the coral from captivating the calcium carbonate that they need to grow.
The six champions of the UN’s highest ecological award, the Champions of the Earth, were declared on Friday, glorifying some of the world’s most active environmental leaders, from pioneering scientists and captains of industry to heads of state and community activists.
These inspirational individuals include Robert Bullard, the “Father of Environmental Justice”, who has been promoting for racial equality and fair ecological and urban planning for over four decades; aboriginal rights activist and environmental activist, Nemonte Nenquimo, of the Waorani people of Pastaza in Ecuador, who took the Ecuadorian government to court, for offering huge areas of the Amazonian rainforest to oil companies; and veterinarian Dr Fabian Leendertz, a zoonotic disease specialist, whose ground-breaking investigations into pathogens like Anthrax and Ebola have explored how the contagions jump between animals and humans.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years of working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Tea farmers in the Asian country have long enjoyed a very stable and predictable climate, but as global warming and Covid-19 upends that equilibrium, they respond with new ways to farm and sell their products.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
Tigers are roaming Kashmir as mega-dams displace 20,000 people
Thanks to state-led infrastructure expansion, rampant deforestation has left tigers and bears without any place to find food, and it has resulted in many violent attacks.
Welcome to our Climate Blog!
This week, we’d like to introduce Raqib Hameed Naik, a courageous multimedia journalist based in Kashmir, who has been telling the story of climate change and mega-development at the edge of Modi’s nationalist expansion.
As Salamu Alikum!
I am Raqib, writing to you from a region knows for its mountains, beautiful valleys, and unfortunately, a continuous conflict. These days Kashmir is the most militarized zone on the earth and is struggling to contain the spread of contagious Coronavirus with more than 114,407 cases and 1767 deaths.
But thanks to state-led infrastructure expansion, rampant deforestation has left tigers and bears without any place to find food. It has resulted in many violent attacks. Over the past five years, 65 people have died, and 940 have been injured in animal attacks across Kashmir. I live in the main town in Doda district. On some nights, we have tigers taking a stroll in the residential areas. Would you like to come and visit??
In my reporting, I met families who were among the 20,000 people impacted or displaced by these dams. Experts told me that the dams are a threat to the delicate ecology of the region, and could increase seismic activity in the region.
Tigers are roaming Kashmir as mega-dams displace 20,000 people
This photo is one I took of A girl holding a child at her house on a hill next to Baglihar Dam in Ramban district.
Since the publishing of the story, many people are now worried about the scale of the projects, labelling them as part of India’s colonial quest to exploit Kashmir’s resources.
The experience was always soothing. But recent reports suggest the farmers are suffering, as crop yields have dropped by nearly 65% in the last 20 years. It has affected thousands of families in Kashmir, especially women, who make up half of all of Kashmir’s saffron farmers.
If we go by a University of Kashmir study published this year in the journal Climatic Change, Kashmir is set for an astronomical temperature to rise of 7 degrees. That spells trouble for Kashmir’s most important spice, let alone our disappearing glaciers.
I remember, some 18 years ago, the average temperature during Summer in my home would hover around 30 to 35 degrees.
It was hot, but you could manage just fine with fans alone. But now, the temperature touches 40 degrees, and air conditioners have become a necessity.
While air conditioning is becoming critical, Kashmir has always felt like a never-ending saga of problems. From unending conflict, 30 years of human rights abuses at the hands of Indian forces and now a forceful demographic change under Modi’s Hindu nationalist government, we have braved it all.
But since his government rescinded Kashmir’s special autonomy last August, I feel like they have ramped up their crackdown on journalists, activists and environmental defenders. For my friends and family, the road ahead to fight climate change, seek accountability and challenge potentially disastrous infrastructure projects seems arduous, if not impossible.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years of working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Tea farmers in the Asian country have long enjoyed a very stable and predictable climate, but as global warming and Covid-19 upends that equilibrium, they respond with new ways to farm and sell their products.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you…….and don’t worry, I’m locked inside too. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
Cutting trees and public consultations in Kenya during COVID-19
As we’ve got seen in many countries, there are widely held concern that the govt. of Kenya took advantage of the Corona-virus outbreak to means these approvals without proper public consultation.
Welcome to our Climate Blog!
Each week we ask one guest writer from our network to send us the most effective climate news from their region.
This week, we reached out to Dominic Kirui, a freelance journalist from Nairobi who shares a number of the local shifts he’s seen publicly consultations since the Coronavirus began.
Jambo!
My name is Dominic Kirui. I’m writing this about five minutes’ drive from the Nairobi park where, if I wasn’t tied to my laptop, I would even be ready to spot a rhino!
But I should warn you, if you’re not planning a visit to Nairobi soon, you may miss out. The govt. is rapidly encroaching into the parking area, first through a Chinese funded and constructed railway across the park, and a road alongside it. they’re now also planning a hotel within the black rhino breeding area. you would possibly remember, sadly the last white rhino died in Kenya only some months ago.
As we’ve got seen in many countries, there are widely held concern that the govt. took advantage of the Coronavirus outbreak to means these approvals without proper public consultation. At the identical time, they’re clearing iconic green space within the city for brand new 27km expressway, irrespective of the calls to prevent the destruction.
However, the most well-liked topic in Kenya without delay is also a precursor to the longer term of the world plastic industry.
The American Chemistry Council and also the Kenyan Ministry of Trade and Industry are said to be performing on a deal which will see Kenya lift its globally celebrated ban on plastic bags, allowing American companies to ship plastic waste into Africa through Kenya.
When the worldwide climate strikes hit Nairobi last week, this was one in every of their most vocal demands. The activists headed to the liberty corner at Uhuru Park in Nairobi, once famously protected by the late Wangari Maathai and coordinated under the hashtag
#AfricaIsNotADumpster
Outside Nairobi, our coffee farmers are feeling the impacts of climate stress, and a few are even looking to abandon coffee farming for avocados, thanks to shifting conditions.
This may be one in all the explanations why Amina Mohamed has been nominated as Kenyaian candidate within the running to become the subsequent Director-General of the globe Trade Organization. She promised to target global climate change if selected, and at a media briefing last month queried, “How is it possible that the WTO doesn’t discuss climate change?… (the) WTO must be part of the world conversation on temperature change.”
Across the border, I’ve also been impressed by the Ugandan climate justice activist, Vanessa Nakate, who is leading a campaign against her government’s decision to substitute about 411sq km of Bugoma Forest for sugarcane plantation. take a look at #SaveBugomaForest to search out how you’ll be able to get entangled.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Tea farmers in the Asian country have long enjoyed a very stable and predictable climate, but as global warming and Covid-19 upends that equilibrium, they respond with new ways to farm and sell their products.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you…and don’t worry, I’m locked inside too. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
Several trees were uprooted after Super Typhoon Goni lashed Bicol region
Typhoons regularly batter the Philippines. Climate change is exacerbating our exposure for sure. It is an experience of when a Climate Emergency is not enough.
Welcome to our Climate Blog!
This week, we’d like to introduce Gaea Katreena Cabico, a journalist from the Philippines who writes stories about the environment, climate crisis, human rights and health in Philstar.
Kumusta! 👋
I am Gaea Cabico, writing and working from my apartment in Metro Manila, where mornings have gotten colder as we approach the holiday season.
This year, Christmas festivities will inevitably be different; with over 435,000 COVID-19 cases and 8,000 deaths, Filipinos will celebrate Christmas in quarantine — during one of the longest lockdowns in the world.
On top of movement restrictions, the Philippines faced three strong typhoons in the past two months, including Super Typhoon Goni, the world’s strongest storm in 2020.
Two more cyclones are projected to affect the country before this challenging year ends.
Thankfully, aside from our uprooted Mango tree, our house was spared. A friend not too far away had to be rescued because his home was flooded.
According to legislative probes in the days since, the flooding was a result of climate changes, but not alone. Typhoons regularly batter the Philippines. Climate change is exacerbating our exposure for sure.
But these recent flooding events and many of our worst disasters are also the direct results of denuded watersheds, resource exploitation and decades of short-sighted planning that has left millions of people, more vulnerable to storms like this.
As a response, President Rodrigo Duterte (who has a penchant for creating task forces) formed another task force called “Build Back Better.” Someone’s been watching Biden’s Presidential campaign.
From what I can tell, the task force is going to be responsible for implementing and monitoring our post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation efforts going forward.
Last week, the House of Representatives passed a resolution declaring a climate emergency. To me, this non-binding declaration only appears as lip service from politicians. While this declaration urges local governments and agencies to adopt policies to mitigate the effects of climate change, it does not legally compel them to act.
Duterte has not declared a climate emergency himself. He is said to be studying the proposal. What the country urgently needs is a climate emergency declaration that will establish a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach to address the crisis, hold polluters accountable and ensure the country’s rapid transition to renewable energy.
In October, before these storms, we had a small signal of hope. The Energy Department announced it will no longer accept new proposals to construct coal power plants. Though lauded by anti-coal campaigners, the ‘ban’, which is not yet national policy, doesn’t include previously approved projects that are already in the pipeline. And finding out how many are still in this ‘pipeline’ is a challenge.
While the move is not going to be enough, it is a huge step toward the right direction, for a country still ringing the water from the walls of Typhoons Goni and Vamco.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With three years working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Regional Trends: A comparison of the five countries analysed
A comparative analysis of coal and renewable energy coverage across the five countries in this study yielded some interesting similarities and differences that will be further explored in this section.
We will first discuss the three prominent thematic trends seen in reporting, and then move on to examine two trends in journalistic practices, before ending by discussing significant outliers and best practices observed.
Each of the countries in our study—the five “tiger cub” countries of Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and the Philippines—has a unique media landscape with different challenges and opportunities for energy reporting.
Trends in Energy Framing
Regional Trends: A comparison of the five countries analysed
The portrayal of coal in media closely approximates the country’s coal dependency
Though Southeast Asia is often monolithically framed as the region where “coal is still king,” there are significant differences in how each country uses this fossil fuel, as well as how civil society reacts to coal development. All these elements affect how coal policy discourse plays out in national media.
Looking specifically at coal reporting in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand, it is striking how much the media’s framing of coal depends on how reliant a country is on this energy type.
Table 1. compares the number of articles framing coal positively as a percentage of total coal articles versus how much coal contributes to national energy capacity as a percentage of the total energy mix.
For three of the countries examined, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Thailand, the difference between positive frames per total coal article sample and coal capacity per total energy capacity fell within 1 to 2 percentage points. Given the margin of error associated with our small article sample size, the only significant outlier was the Philippines, with a 10-percentage-point difference between the two.
Even though the Philippines is just as reliant on coal as Malaysia, 88 of 133 coal articles in the Philippines framed the fossil fuel negatively, while only 46 of 113 articles in Malaysia did so.
Renewable energy overwhelmingly framed as a lucrative investment
While the tiger cubs’ media outlets disagreed on how large role coal will play in their countries’ futures, one thing was clear: they were overwhelmingly optimistic about renewable energy’s growth. Solar, in particular, generated much excitement, as seen in the fact that positive articles about it outnumbered those about coal in all countries analyzed except for Indonesia, where the two were equal.
Additionally, for four of the five countries, positive frames made up more than 75 percent of total stories about non-hydro renewables (solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal).
The outlier was Vietnam, where only 65 percent of non-hydro renewable stories portrayed these technologies positively. Vietnam doesn’t lag in terms of renewable energy development.
However; in fact, the country is a definitive regional leader with 4.5GW of installed solar capacity or more than that of the whole ASEAN region combined. It is not that more articles in Vietnam framed renewables negatively compared to other tiger cub countries; more articles displayed a neutral, cautious tone, which acknowledged Vietnam’s renewable potential while highlighting challenges encountered in its development. Common difficulties discussed were unclear regulations, lack of transmission lines, and a tight FiT deadline. Vietnam’s media have been following the solar development story since the first FiT scheme in 2017 led to a massive investment boom; articles went into detail about the minutiae of solar technologies and policy challenges for a mainstream audience. This corresponded with comparatively high solar energy literacy among journalists as well as the average reader.
In other words, with the “solar experiment” well underway, journalists in Vietnam prioritized analyzing the remaining barriers to further growth rather than simply promoting solar power or renewable energy as an abstract concept.
In Indonesia, meanwhile, where neither solar nor any other renewable energy technology has been installed in significant numbers, 96 percent of renewable energy articles adopted a positive frame.
However, nearly half of these stories discussed renewable energy in the abstract without providing any specific policy analysis or recommendation. Journalists here viewed renewable technologies as difficult to understand and write about in-depth.
Indonesia’s Kompas editor Erlangga Djumena described the situation, saying renewable energy “has limited sources [for journalists to cite/interview] because it is still rare…plus the sources are too technical. Not only the readers, but the journalists are also sometimes confused.”
Because of this lack of understanding, it was difficult for journalists to dive deeper into any specific renewable energy source.
Not all renewables are treated alike
When analyzing the articles that do dive into specific renewable energy technologies, it was clear that not all renewables were treated alike by the media. In all countries analyzed, solar received the most coverage as renewable energy with high potential for future growth; this was true even in the Philippines, where geothermal contributes 67 more megawatts to the total energy capacity.
In contrast to solar, other renewable energy forms—notably wind, geothermal, and biomass—received relatively little attention from media outlets across the region except for Thailand, where the government recently implemented more-aggressive biomass development programs through the Energy for All initiative, which attracted positive and negative coverage.
In Indonesia, biofuel turned out to be a close contender to solar in terms of frequency of coverage, as 20% of Indonesia’s energy articles focused on solar while 17% focused on biofuel.
Unlike Thailand’s Energy for All initiative, Indonesia’s B-20 biodiesel mandate received overwhelmingly positive coverage, despite its potential environmental risks.
Meanwhile, despite being a renewable energy source, hydropower was not regarded as such during our time frame of interest, especially in Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam, where it was blamed for multiple environmental and ecological issues downstream of major dams.
As reporter Trung Chanh in Vietnam explained, hydropower is not considered in the same category as solar and wind because “although hydro dams don’t cause pollution similarly to the way coal plants do, they destroy biodiversity, alter fish populations and sediment levels in water sources.”
To conclude, news outlets across the five Southeast Asian countries examined portrayed renewable energy, especially solar, as a lucrative investment for energy producers as well as consumers looking to benefit from new, fast-developing technology.
However, lacking were in-depth analyses of the role renewables can play in the future energy mix as more than an additive to fossil fuels. Roughly a fifth of the sampled articles about renewable energy in Vietnam started to broach bigger-picture issues such as redesigning the energy grid and energy market to accommodate renewable growth, though this type of farming was limited to solar energy.
Hydropower was often not regarded as renewable energy, while wind, geothermal, and biomass generally did not attract much coverage.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With a three years working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you…and don’t worry, I’m locked inside too. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
Everyone here feels these effects, as nine million Egyptians suffer from chest allergies and asthma, one-sixth of them are children, according to the Egyptian Thoracic Society.
Welcome to our Climate Blog!
This week, we’d like to introduce Rahma Diaa,a freelance journalist from Egypt who has been reporting on the city’s biggest crisis – air pollution.
Good morning,
I am Rahma, writing from Cairo, where the daily cough has been a part of life well before COVID-19.
This isn’t just me saying it, last week the results of a 10-year study researching air pollution were released, with alarming results.
With more than a 1,000 scientists from 23 countries analyzing environmental challenges across the Mediterranean, they argued that the combination of weak vehicle emissions standards, dust, a lack of public transport and ever-increasing traffic emissions are causing alarmingly high levels of ozone and fine particle pollution.
This is particularly high in the biggest cities across the Middle East, like here in Cairo and Beirut, and it warns of the serious health consequences of air pollution.
Everyone here feels these effects, as nine million Egyptians suffer from chest allergies and asthma, one-sixth of them are children, according to the Egyptian Thoracic Society, and my daughter is one of these children. She has suffered from allergies since her
birth and needs to use medicated sprays throughout the year to control her cough.
The investigation used medical reports to highlight that chronic diseases such as allergies, asthma and even lung cancer are significantly higher in areas adjacent to cement factories that use coal.
While most of the world has shifted away from coal use in industrial processes, the Egyptian Cabinet authorized the use of coal in industrial operations as recently as 2014, even in areas close to residential communities.
As you can imagine, the government of Egypt is still trying to brand itself as “green” and is genuinely spending millions of dollars on clean energy projects, many of which are indirectly funded through loans.
In 2018, we also turned on one of the largest solar installations in the world, known as the Benban Solar Energy Complex. This has led the BBC to highlight Egypt as a renewable energy outliner in the region, through a recent report titled; “Are We Ready for the End of the Oil Age?. In it, they argued that increasing solar power is not only good for the environment but reduces our risk of resource conflicts that continue to plague the region.
However, a recent report in Nature Communications argued that climate change, in fact, decreases the efficacy of solar panels, as increased humidity could to more clouds in the future.
While we’re genuinely working hard to encourage international investment in renewable energy, it’s our crippling domestic governance that continues to fail Cairo’s people, including my daughter.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With a three years working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Previous Report
Japan’s threatened fields of green
Tea farmers in the Asian country have long enjoyed a very stable and predictable climate, but as global warming and Covid-19 upends that equilibrium, they respond with new ways to farm and sell their products.
If you have any questions, comments or want to get involved, email Zulker Naeen at naeenzulker@gmail.com – that’s me. I’d love to hear from you…and don’t worry, I’m locked inside too. And if you’ve been forwarded this email and liked what you saw, why not subscribe?
Tea farmers in the Asian country have long enjoyed a very stable and predictable climate, but as global warming and Covid-19 upends that equilibrium, they respond with new ways to farm and sell their products.
In Japan, spring is heralded as a time of new beginnings and opportunities. Tea farmers especially look forward to the spring harvest, the most exciting time of the year. But for Hiroki Aka, the love for farming lasts all year round.
“I feel the autumn harvest is equally important,” the tea farmer from d:matcha Kyoto shares, as we drive through the region’s winding roads. Almost 60% of the tea fields he manages are currently farmed with organic methods. “The quality of the leaves harvested in spring are heavily dependent on the way the trees are cut in autumn. Summer is the time to look out for pests, which especially love our organic tea trees. In winter, on the other hand, there is the worry of frost. It’s hard to predict.”
Officially recognised as one of the most beautiful villages in Japan, Wazuka is well known for its tea.
Against a backdrop of rolling green mountains adorned with tall cedar trees, rows and rows of Camellia Sinensis of varying hues of green trace the outline of the landscape. The conditions and climate of the region play a pivotal role in the high quality of tea the region produces. The soil is rich with nutrients, there is an adequate amount of rainfall, and the mountainous landscape creates a balanced natural irrigation system.
Climate woes
Traditionally, weather patterns in Wazuka have been stable. Rarely were there huge variations in temperature or rainfall. Year by year, however, climate change has slowly upended this rhythm. “Winter last year was warmer than usual, and this year’s tsuyu(Japan’s rainy season) was longer than previous years,” Hiroki contemplates out loud, his tone a mixture of excitement and frustration.
Echoing this, Bernard Soubry, a DPhil Candidate in Geography and Environment at the University of Oxford, says, “climate change will affect all farmers differently because farms and the places they tend are all different. We know, though, from existing climate models, that farming conditions will generally get way more difficult to predict.”
Soubry continues: “extreme weather events, like hurricanes or floods, will be more frequent; that can damage infrastructure and soil. Places that used to have regular rain may face long droughts or sudden downpours. Farmers will have to try to anticipate these, or roll with the punches when they come, which will make an already difficult profession far more difficult.”
The unpredictability of the weather has forced Hiroki to adjust his farming management plans weekly. Managing different cultivars (cultivated varieties) translates into having to anticipate different problems or pests that may arise within each field. Furthermore, as approximately 60% of the field he manages are organic, this rules out the use of pesticides or herbicides.
“Hmm, I’m not sure,” he laments in Japanese, as he carefully chews on the young shoots he’s plucked. “I feel like last year’s harvest might taste better but then again I’m just a beginner at tea farming, so I take things as they go,” he adds.
The global pandemic has also greatly impacted the purchasing cost of tea.
Over surplus orders made in anticipation of the now postponed 2020 Olympics and a significant drop in the number of tourists also meant fewer bulk orders from wholesalers.
“Supermarkets are remarkably slow to adopt IT to inform customers of what is available,” says John Ure, Director of Singapore based research company, TRPC. “An alternative is for farming cooperatives to develop their apps and to appear on e-shopping platforms, especially if they can offer something special such as organically grown foods or free-range products that are environmentally friendly.”
A resourceful bunch
Bernard Soubry has also noticed this trend: “farmers are infinitely resourceful and deeply committed to keeping their farms going, so it’s no surprise to find organic farmers changing their practices and the way they sell to adapt to climate change…They’re banking on diversity and adaptability in their cultures, rather than high-tech solutions which often come with a hefty financial and intellectual property price tag.”
Younger farmers such as Hiroki have since adopted this route of leveraging social media. Raising awareness of the difficulties farmers face has also been pivotal in gathering the necessary support needed to sustain organic farming methods. “There is a growing demand for organic produce. While we may not have the paper certifications at the moment, we still want to produce organic tea using traditional methods.” Hiroki explains with pride and confidence.
As trends go, the use of social media as a source of verification has also been mirrored by consumers themselves. “When deciding on products that I buy, usually it’s word of mouth rather than certifications.” Zsan Wong, a chef based in South Australia candidly says. “This comes down to there being so many different certifications. I think the hardest part is finding the line between sustainable and organic, the two do not always go hand in hand”.
Organic farming in times of climate change is akin to fighting with one hand tied behind their backs, but young farmers like Hiroki are still pressing forward. While there is still room for adequate policies to be enacted to assist food systems to adapt to climate change, the use of social media and technology have opened means of communication and information dissemination. All of which play equally important roles in meeting and overcoming future challenges.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With a three years working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Brazil vows Biden won’t change environmental policy after 94,000 fires
Brazil vows Biden won’t change environmental policy. The number of fires in the Amazon this October was more than twice as many as last year.
Welcome to our Climate Blog!
This week, we’d like to introduce MeghieRodrigues, a young science journalist from Brazil and a Board member of the Brazilian Network of Science Journalists and Communicators as she shares the latest update from the Burning Kingdom of Bolsonaro
Olá a todos e todas!
This is Meghie writing from long coronavirus confinement in São Paulo, Brazil. With more than 160,000 COVID-19 deaths, we are second only to the USA, and confinement still makes a lot of sense to me (though not to our president). Right now, however, a key debate is whether Brazilians will be open to an experimental mandatory vaccine.
On the climate and environment side, our minister of Environment, Ricardo Salles, has been working hard to “change rules and simplify [environmental] norms while the media only talks about COVID” as he suggested in a cabinet meeting in April.
By the end of September, Salles had approved a decision that reversed the protection of sandbanks and mangroves, opening these areas for exploration. Mangroves have been protected areas in Brazil since 1577, and are critical in countering coastal erosion as well as capturing carbon. It was only then thanks to a proactive lawsuit from the Sustainability Network, that the supreme court blocked the decision.
Meanwhile, both the Amazon and the Pantanal, the world’s largest wetland area, are still on fire. According to Brazil’s National Institute of Space Research (INPE), the number of fires in the Amazon this October was more than twice as many as last year. The Pantanal region has seen the most fires ever, with over 3,000 in the last month alone. More than a quarter of the Pantanal has turned into ashes.
The Pantanal usually attracts thousands of tourists every year searching for giant otters, jaguars, tapirs, hyacinth macaws and other endangered species.
This year, though, the fires (most of them likely to be illegally lit by ranchers) came at the end of an unusually long dry period – a clear effect of the changing climate in the region. This “turned the wetlands into a tinderbox and the fires raged out of control” as the New York Times recently reported.
For Indigenous communities in the area, this has been tragic. Estêvão Bororo described the fires to Mongabay earlier this October, stating that “it came very fast and even surrounded the homes. Even though the houses themselves didn’t catch fire, our leader had to be taken to Rondonópolis because he inhaled a lot of smoke. We have elderly people, pregnant women, new mothers and children here”.
Our presidency doesn’t seem to care.
Last year, smoke from the Amazon forest fires turned the day into the night here in São Paulo, leading to immediate response. This year, a succession of political scandals as well the unrestrained coronavirus crisis meant that it took at least four months before for the government to sent any help.
Amidst it all, however, it looks like most fellow Brazilians, from all regions and classes, do care about the Amazon. A recent national Datafolha poll found that nine in ten Brazilians think it’s important to preserve the Amazon to protect biodiversity. In addition, eight in ten Brazilians think it’s important to protect the Amazon and 70% of women consider the Amazon to be critical to the economy. Men were a little lower, at 59%, but I guess they’re only men, right?
This poll gave me a small sense of respite in what’s been a disparaging few years. I am not sure Bolsonaro is likely to listen to any evidence that doesn’t reinforce his worldview, and the only polls that really seem to matter to him are his hardcore Twitter and Whatsapp “fanbase”.
It might really take us a long time to recover from this collective nightmare we’ve sunk into, but it’s somewhat nice to imagine that even when we are so deeply divided as a nation, it seems that common sense still exists across Brazil.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With a three years working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Communication for Development also referred to as Social and Behaviour Change Communication, is defined in UNICEF as “an evidence-based process that is an integral part of programmes and utilizes a mix of communication tools, channels and approaches to facilitate dialogue, participation and engagement with children, families, communities, networks for positive social and behaviour change in both development and humanitarian contexts.”
Social Ecological Model (SEM) UNICEF’s Communication for Development work continues to be guided by the Socio-Ecological Model (SEM).
The SEM is a theory-based framework for understanding the multifaceted and interactive effects of personal and environmental factors that determine behaviours, and for identifying behavioural and organizational leverage points and intermediaries for social and behavioural change within organizations. There are five nested, hierarchical and complementary levels of the SEM: individual, interpersonal, community, organizational, and policy/enabling environment (Figure 1). The most effective approaches use a combination of activities at all levels of the model.
What is Communication for Development
UNICEF’s application of the SEM as its analytical framework facilitates the use of social and behavioural data and evidence (such as Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices studies, real-time monitoring, opinion polls and social science research) to plan, implement, monitor and evaluate communication initiatives that help increase knowledge, understand and shift attitudes and norms, and facilitate positive behaviour and social change around issues that affect children’s and women’s overall well-being. C4D uses a combination of complementary and mutually reinforcing approaches including behaviour change communication, social change communication, social mobilization and advocacy.
Behaviour change communication (BCC) is the strategic use of communication to promote positive health, education and other outcomes. BCC is a theory-based, research-based, interactive process to develop tailored messages and approaches, using a variety of population-appropriate communication channels to motivate sustained individual- and community-level changes in knowledge, attitudes and behaviours.
Social change communication is a purposeful, iterative and usually participatory process of public and private dialogue, debate and negotiation that allows groups of individuals or communities to define their needs, identify their rights, and collaborate to transform the way their social system is organized, including the way power is distributed within social and political institutions.
Social mobilization is a continuous process that engages and motivates various inter-sectoral partners at national and local levels to raise awareness of, and demand for, a particular development objective. This approach focuses on people and communities as agents of their change emphasize community empowerment, and creates an enabling environment for change. Engagement is usually through the interpersonal communication (i.e., face-to-face dialogue) among partners and aimed at changing social norms and accountability structures; providing sustainable, multifaceted solutions to broad social problems, and creating demand and utilization of quality services.
Advocacy is an organized effort to inform and motivate leaders to create an enabling environment for achieving programme objectives and development goals. Advocacy promotes the development of new policies or changes to existing laws, helps redefine public perceptions, and influences funding decisions. Community-level advocacy provides a platform for voices of children and women, especially those from marginalized and excluded groups, to be heard.
What is Communication for Development?
In 1996 through General Assembly Resolution 51/172 the UN adopted a formal definition of Communication for Development:
‘Communication for development stresses the need to support two-way communication systems that enable dialogue and that allow communities to speak out, express their aspirations and concerns and participate in the decisions that relate to their development’.
Since other complementary definitions of C4D have been advanced by various development actors reflecting an increased understanding of the role of C4D in development processes.
In 2006 the World Congress on Communication for Development defined C4D as:
‘A social process based on dialogue using a broad range of tools and methods. It is also about seeking change at different levels including listening, building trust, sharing knowledge and skills, building policies, debating and learning for sustained and meaningful change’.
So, Communication for Development (C4D) enables people, particularly the most disadvantaged in society, to participate in shaping decisions that affect their lives. Communication for Development contrasts sharply with how communication is often understood within the broader development arena where it is commonly associated with enhancing the public profile of organisations and advocating on specific programme areas.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With a three years working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Balachao Maker is a manufacturer of premium balachao in Bangladesh
Balachaw Maker is a premium quality shrimp balachaw manufacturer in the town. Those who love dried shrimp or prawn lovers, this is a piece of great news.
Especially, Balachaw is mainly a dried and spicy food, which made with fried onions, shrimp, garlic, ginger & red chillies.
So far, it is a Burmese hot relish, made of dried prawns or shrimps with plenty of garlic and chillies. It is preserved in an airtight jar for a long time. It is worth making a quantity.
This dry version of food has a good shelf life made of dried shrimps. Everything is crispy as there is no moisture whatsoever!
Keeping that tradition of this dish, Balachaw Maker made a fusion of dried ingredients and named it Shrimp Balachao.
It is a spicy dish with a lot of dry chillies. This dish is not only for the shrimp lover but also for the spice lover.
To enjoy the authentic Burmese taste, Shrimp Balachaw would be a great cooking ingredient for you.
That is why Balachaw Maker has brought a great fusion on Shrimp Balachaw, which is different from the regular Balachaw available at the super shop.
You can use this dried pickle to increase the taste of the regular dishes like Mixed Dal, Fried Rice, Khichuri, Noodles, Halim, Murighonto, Vegetable, etc.
The use of secret spices also added a great taste in it.
Balachaw Maker is a marketer of various home-processed brands and household names in Bangladesh.
With selective cooking ingredients, it becomes a companion on consumers’ everyday life.
Balachaw Maker is a manufacturer of premium balachao
We are the only spicy Balachaw manufacturer in Bangladesh. You might surprise hearing the name “Balachaw”. What is it?
Firstly, you have to know what is “Balachaw”. Then you will understand what we are making for your mouth.
Balachaw is a fusion of dried ingredients. It also contains processed shrimps, onion, garlic, red chilli, salt, cooking oil and the special masala.
This crispy cooking ingredient is not only for the shrimp lover but also for the spice lover.
Especially Burmese food lovers are mostly familiar with this food item.
However, Balacahw Maker made a great fusion on this food item, which is beyond the as usual taste of the Balachaw available at the super shop.
Made with freshly processed shrimps and best spices, it brings you the great taste in a convenient local packaging form to protect and preserve the excellent aroma.
Balachw Maker is a source of quality spice and cooking ingredients. It started its journey from July in 2019 to provide a variety of spice and cooking ingredients for the dedicated customer.
Balachaw Maker is the marketer of various cooking brands and household names in Bangladesh.
With selective cooking ingredients, it becomes a companion on consumers’ everyday life.
If you are ready to do business with Balachao Maker, mail to chaghorbd@gmail.com
Even you may follow our Facebook Page. You may dial 01673375594 to discuss details.
Balachao Maker is the largest homemade balachaw manufacturer in Bangladesh delivering healthy and delicious food items to your doors. Our listed home kitchens prepare food hygienically and healthily only for you. Balachao Maker is passionate about homemade spicy and crispy food and cares about your time and health as well. Thus, it delivers a wide rage of handmade food whilst you busy at work, spending a memorable time with your family or even playing video games with your friends. Let Balachaw Maker worry about your food and health.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. With a three years working experience, he has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Balachao Maker is a premium quality shrimp balachao manufacturer in the town. Those who are shrimp lovers, this is a piece of great news.
Especially, Balachao is a popular dish in Chittagong. It is mainly a dried and spicy pickle, which made with fried onions, shrimp, garlic, ginger & red chillies. It is dry and crispy.
This dry version of food has a good shelf life made of dried shrimps. Everything is fried crisp as there is no moisture whatsoever!
Keeping that tradition of this dish, we made a fusion of dried ingredients, which contains processed shrimps, onion, garlic, red chilli, salt, cooking oil and the secret spices and named it Shrimp Balachao.
It is a spicy dish with a lot of dry chillies. This dish is not only for the shrimp lover but also for the spice lover.
To enjoy the authentic Thai taste, Shrimp Balachao would be a great cooking ingredient for you.
That is why Balachao Maker has brought a great fusion on Shrimp Balachao, which is different from the regular Balachao available at the super shop.
You can use this dried pickle to increase the taste of the regular dishes like Mixed Dal, Fried Rice, Khichuri, Noodles, Halim, Murighonto, Vegetable, etc.
The use of secret spices also added a great taste in it.
Balachao maker is a marketer of various home-processed brands and household names in Bangladesh.
With selective cooking ingredients, it becomes a companion on consumers’ everyday life.
Balachao Maker is a manufacturer of premium balachao
We are the only spicy Balachao manufacturer in Bangladesh. You might surprise hearing the name “Balachao”. What is it?
Firstly, you have to know what is “Balachao”. Then you will understand what we are making for your mouth.
Balachao is a fusion of dried ingredients. It also contains processed shrimps, onion, garlic, red chilli, salt, cooking oil and the special masala.
This crispy cooking ingredient is not only for the shrimp lover but also for the spice lover.
Especially Thai food lovers are mostly familiar with this food item.
However, Balacaho Maker is brought a great fusion on this food item, which is beyond the as usual taste of the Balachao available at the super shop.
Made with freshly processed shrimps and best spices, it brings you the great taste in a convenient local packaging form to protect and preserve the excellent aroma.
Balachao Maker is a source of quality spice and cooking ingredients. It started its journey from July in 2019 to provide a variety of spice and cooking ingredients for the dedicated customer.
Balachao Maker is the marketer of various home-processed brands and household names in Bangladesh.
With selective cooking ingredients, it becomes a companion on consumers’ everyday life.
If you are interested in business with Balachao Maker, mail to chaghorbd@gmail.com
Even you may follow our Facebook Page. You may dial 01673375594 to discuss details.
Balachao Maker is the largest homemade balachao manufacturer in Bangladesh delivering healthy and delicious food items to your doors. Our listed home kitchens prepare food hygienically and healthily only for you. Balachao Maker is passionate about homemade spicy and crispy food and cares about your time and health as well. Thus, it delivers a wide rage of handmade food whilst you busy at work, spending a memorable time with your family or even playing video games with your friends. Let Balachao Maker worry about your food and health.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. He has three years of experience in the field. He has developed courses with the support of other Climate Tracker staff.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Balachao Maker is a manufacturer of premium balachao in Bangladesh
Balachao Maker is a commercial balachao manufacturer in Bangladesh delivering healthy and delicious food items to your doors.
Balachao is mainly a dried and spicy pickle, which made with fried onions, shrimp, garlic, ginger & red chillies. It is dry and crispy.
This dry version of food has a good shelf life as it contains with dried shrimps and everything is fried crisp as there is no moisture whatsoever!
Keeping that tradition of this dish, we made a fusion of dried ingredients, which contains processed shrimps, onion, garlic, red chilli, salt, cooking oil and the secret spices and named it Masala Balachao.
It is a spicy dish with a lot of dry chillies. This dish is not only for the shrimp lover but also for the spice lover.
To enjoy the authentic Thai taste, Masala Balachao would be a great cooking ingredient for you.
That is why, Balachao maker has brought a great fusion on Masala Balachao, which is different from the regular Balachao available at the super shop.
You can use this dried pickle to increase the taste of the regular dishes like Mixed Dal, Fried Rice, Khichuri, Noodles, Halim, Murighonto, Vegetable, etc.
Balachao Maker is a marketer of various home-made brands and household names in Bangladesh. With selective cooking ingredients, it becomes a companion on consumers’ everyday life.
Balachao Maker is a manufacturer of premium balachao
We are the only spicy Balachao manufacturer in Bangladesh. You might surprise hearing the name “Balachao”. What is it?
Firstly, you have to know what is “Balachao”. Then you will understand what we are making for your mouth.
Balachao is a fusion of dried ingredients.
Masala Balachao contains processed shrimps, onion, garlic, red chilli, salt, cooking oil and the special masala.
This crispy cooking ingredient is not only for the shrimp lover but also for the spice lover.
Especially Thai food lovers are mostly familiar with this food item.
However, Balacaho Maker is brought a great fusion on this food item, which is beyond the as usual taste of the Balachao available at the super shop.
Made with freshly processed shrimps and best spices, it brings you the great taste in a convenient local packaging form to protect and preserve the excellent aroma.
Balachao Maker is a source of quality spice and cooking ingredients. It started its July in 2019 to provide a variety of spice and cooking ingredients for the dedicated customer.
Balachao Maker is the marketer of various home-made brands and household names in Bangladesh.
With selective cooking ingredients, it becomes a companion on consumers’ everyday life.
If you are interested in business with Balachao Maker, mail to chaghorbd@gmail.com
Even you may follow our Facebook Page. You may dial 01673375594 to discuss details.
Balachao Maker – Homemade Balachao Manufacturer
Balachao Maker is the largest balachao manufacturer in Bangladesh aims to deliver healthy and delicious food items to your doors. Our listed home kitchens prepare food hygienically and healthily only for you. Balachao Maker is passionate about spicy and crispy food and cares about your time and health as well. Thus, it delivers a wide rage of handmade food whilst you busy at work, spending a memorable time with your family or even playing video games with your friends. Let Balachao Maker worry about your food and health.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker. He has developed courses with the support of other experienced Climate Tracker staff credited on the course landing page.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Balachao is a spicy-dried food for the spice lovers.
Balachao is a spicy-dried food for the spice lovers. Balachao is a popular dish, especially in Chittagong. It is mainly a dried and spicy pickle, which made with fried onions, shrimp, garlic, ginger and red chillies. It is dry and crispy.
This dry version of food has a good shelf life as it is made with dried shrimps and everything is fried crisp as there is no moisture whatsoever!
Keeping that tradition of this dish, we made a fusion of dried ingredients, which contains processed shrimps, onion, garlic, red chilli, salt, cooking oil and the secret spices and named it Masala Balachao.
It is a spicy dish with a lot of dry chillies. This dish is not only for the shrimp lover but also for the spice lover.
To enjoy the authentic Thai taste, Masala Balachao would be a great cooking ingredient for you.
That is why, Balachao maker has brought a great fusion on Masala Balachao, which is different from the regular Balachao available at the super shop.
You can use this dried pickle to increase the taste of the regular dishes like Mixed Dal, Fried Rice, Khichuri, Noodles, Halim, Murighonto, Vegetable, etc.
The use of home-made spices also added a great taste in it.
Masala Ghor is a marketer of various home-made brands and household names in Bangladesh.
With selective cooking ingredients, it becomes a companion on consumers’ everyday life.
Balachao Maker is a manufacturer of premium balachao in Bangladesh
Balachao Maker is a manufacturer of premium Balachao
We are the only spicy Balachao manufacturer in Bangladesh. You might surprise hearing the name “Balachao”. What is it?
Firstly, you have to know what is “Balachao”. Then you will understand what we are making for your mouth.
Balachao is a fusion of dried ingredients. It is now being manufactured by Balachao Maker in Dhaka.
Masala Balachao contains processed shrimps, onion, garlic, red chilli, salt, cooking oil and the special masala.
This crispy cooking ingredient is not only for the shrimp lover but also for the spice lover.
Especially Thai food lovers are mostly familiar with this food item.
However, Balacaho Maker is brought a great fusion on this food item, which is beyond the as usual taste of the Balachao available at the super shop.
Made with freshly processed shrimps and best spices, it brings you the great taste in a convenient local packaging form to protect and preserve the excellent aroma.
Balachaw Maker is a source of quality spice and cooking ingredients. It has started its July in 2019 to provide a variety of spice and cooking ingredients for the dedicated customer.
Balachaw Maker is the marketer of various home-made brands and household names in Bangladesh.
With selective cooking ingredients, it becomes a companion on consumers’ everyday life.
If you are interested in business with Balachaw Maker, mail to chaghorbd@gmail.com
Even you may follow our Facebook Page. You may dial 01673375594 to discuss details.
Balachaw Maker – Homemade Balachaw Manufacturer
Balachaw Maker is the largest homemade balachaw manufacturer in Bangladesh delivering healthy and delicious food items to your doors. Our listed home kitchens prepare food hygienically and healthily only for you. Balachaw Maker is passionate about homemade spicy and crispy food and cares about your time and health as well. Thus, it delivers a wide rage of handmade food whilst you busy at work, spending a memorable time with your family or even playing video games with your friends. Let this maker worry about your food and health.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker and freelance climate journalist from Bangladesh. He has three years of experience in the field. Zulker developed all his courses with the support of other experienced Climate Tracker staff credited on the course landing page.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Balachao Maker is a manufacturer of premium balachao in Bangladesh
We are the only spicy Balachao manufacturer in Bangladesh. You might surprise hearing the name “Balachao”. What is it?
Firstly, you have to know what is “Balachao”. Then you will understand what we are making for your mouth.
Balachao is a fusion of dried ingredients. It is now being manufactured by Balachao Maker in Dhaka.
Masala Balachao contains processed shrimps, onion, garlic, red chilli, salt, cooking oil and the special masala.
This crispy cooking ingredient is not only for the shrimp lover but also for the spice lover.
Especially Thai food lovers are mostly familiar with this food item.
However, Balacaho Maker is brought a great fusion on this food item, which is beyond the as usual taste of the Balachao available at the super shop.
Made with freshly processed shrimps and best spices, it brings you the great taste in a convenient local packaging form which is designed to protect and preserve the excellent aroma and taste.
Balachao Maker is a source of quality spice and cooking ingredients. It has started its July in 2019 to provide a variety of spice and cooking ingredients for the dedicated customer.
Balachao Maker is the marketer of various home-made brands and household names in Bangladesh.
With selective cooking ingredients, it becomes a companion on consumers’ everyday life.
If you are interested in business with Balachao Maker, mail to chaghorbd@gmail.com
Even you may follow our Facebook Page. You may dial 01673375594 to discuss details.
Climate change to lose polar bear inhabitants by 2100
Polar bears will be disappeared by the end of the century unless more is done to stop climate change, a study forecast.
Scientists say some inhabitants have already reached their survival boundaries as the Arctic sea ice shrinks.
The carnivores depend on the sea ice of the Arctic Ocean to a quest for seals.
As the ice breakdowns, the animals are required to travel for long distances or on to shore, where they scuffle to find food and feed their cubs.
The bear has become the “poster child of climate change”, said Dr Peter Molnar of the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada.
“Polar bears are already sitting at the top of the world; if the ice goes, they have no place to go,” he said.
Polar bears are considered as vulnerable to extinction by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), with climate change a vital reason in their decline.
Studies show that deteriorating sea ice is likely to decrease the number of polar bears, perhaps significantly.
By demonstrating the energy use of polar bears, the researchers were able to analyse their endurance limits.
Dr Steven Amstrup, a chief scientist of Polar Bears International, who was also involved in the study, told: “What we’ve shown is that, first, we’ll lose the survival of cubs, so cubs will be born but the females won’t have enough body fat to produce milk to bring them along through the ice-free season.
“Any of us know that we can only go without food for so long,” he added, “That’s a biological reality for all species”.
The scientists also think when these thresholds will be strained in different parts of the Arctic. This may have already occurred in some areas where polar bears live, they said.
“Showing how imminent the threat is for different polar bear populations is another reminder. We must act now to head off the worst of future problems faced by us all,” said Dr Amstrup.
“The way we’re on now is not a decent one, but if humanity gets its turn together, we have time to save polar bears. And if we do, we will help the rest of life on Earth, including ourselves”.
Under the status of high carbon emissions, it’s likely that all but a few polar bear populations will downfall by 2100, the study found. And even if reasonable emissions reduction targets are reached, several populations will disappear.
The findings match earlier forecasts that polar bears are likely to persist to 2100 only in a few populations very far north if climate change continues unabated.
Sea ice is freezing seawater that floats on the ocean surface, forming and melting with the polar seasons.
Some persevere year after year in the Arctic, providing a key environment for wildlife such as polar bears, seals, and walruses.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker and freelance climate journalist from Bangladesh. He has three years of experience in the field. Zulker developed all his courses with the support of other experienced Climate Tracker staff credited on the course landing page.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
According to that study, the tropics lost 11.9 million hectares of tree cover in 2019.
Nearly a third of that loss, 3.8 million hectares, occurred within humid tropical primary forests, areas of mature rainforest that are especially important for biodiversity and carbon storage. That’s the equivalent of losing a football pitch of primary forest every 6 seconds for the entire year.
Primary forest loss was 2.8% higher in 2019 than the previous year. In addition, it has remained obstinately soaring for the last two decades even with efforts to stop deforestation.
At least 1.8 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide emissions are connected with 2019 primary forest loss, comparable to the annual emissions of 400 million cars.
Though the rate of primary forest loss was lower in 2019 than record years of 2016 and 2017, it was still the third-highest since the turn of the century.
The study found, 3.8 million in older, primary forest areas – the third-highest loss of primary trees since 2000 and a slight increase in 2018.
“The level of forest loss in 2019 is intolerable and that we actually already know how to turn it around,” Frances Seymour, from the World Resources Institute, said.
“But if governments slow down restrictions on burning, that they intend to open up indigenous territories for commercial exploration, forest loss goes up.”
Brazil reported for a third of it, its worst loss in 13 years apart from huge spikes in 2016 and 2017 from fires.
However, Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of Congo both managed to reduce tree loss.
In the meantime, Australia got a six-fold rise in total tree loss, following dramatic wildfires late in 2019.
As well as storing massive amounts of carbon, primary, tropical rainforests, where trees can be hundreds or even thousands of years old, are home to species such as orangutans and tigers.
“We also noted several new hotspots of primary forest loss within indigenous territories, especially in the state of Pará that were linked to land grabbing and to mining,” said Mikaela Weisse, from Global Forest Watch.
“These incursions are specifically troublesome for the indigenous peoples have been some of the best conservers of forests in Brazil and around the world.”
Indonesia, so far, got losses to remain at historically low levels for the third consecutive years, thanks to its strong government action.
……………………………………
Climate change predictions to determine the impact on tigers
The combination of climate change and sea-level rise will lead to the total loss of Bengal tiger habitats in the area.
However, important factors linked to this decline are rainfall in the summer season, vegetation (mangrove species) and maximum temperature of the warmest month.
The reason could be the control of Ceriops Decandra species of mangroves in this border stretch where salinity is relatively higher than the rest of the Sundarbans. Climate change would drive a tree species shift and also trigger extreme weather events adding to the effects of sea-level rise.
Health decline of Sundari trees in Sundarbans
However, there is no significant decline in the number of mangroves in the Sundarbans for the last 30 years. However, there is evidence of a 25% health decline of the mangrove trees. And, it is due to the effect of increased salinity on Sundari tree. But the continuing effects of climate change could critically hamper its ability to reborn.
Most significantly, the ‘top-dying disease’ is the reason for declining 15% of trees in the Sundarbans since the 80s.
The expert said, the increase of saline water is the key reason, and this is happening in the Sundarbans.
Unfavourably, the Sundari tree is less tolerant of high salinity levels than other mangrove species. It has previously been identified as suffering from die-back due to rising salinity.
Tiger conservation
The government of Bangladesh should prioritise tiger conservation by designating more areas for tiger conservation, create corridors for transboundary tiger movements.
The fate of the tiger will be the same in entire Sundarbans if the governments don’t take necessary action to conserve and allow more areas dedicated for tiger conservation. Transboundary conservation measures by the Bangladesh and Indian governments are urgent.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker and freelance climate journalist from Bangladesh. He has three years of experience in the field. Zulker developed all his courses with the support of other experienced Climate Tracker staff credited on the course landing page.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Tiger population is at risk in Sundarbans. A total of 38 tigers died in the last 20 years in Bangladesh part of the Sundarbans. Last five months, two more tigers died of old age reasons in the Sundarbans.
Between 2001 and July 2020, altogether 38 tigers died, 22 in East Division and 16 in West Division of the Sundarbans.
However, last year, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, said the number of Royal Bengal Tiger in Bangladesh part of the Sundarbans increased to 114 from 106.
Some of the tigers died by poachers, some died in lynching, some passed away by the storm and tidal surge while some died of old age.
The latest Tiger Survey conducted in 2018 claims there were 114 tigers in the Sundarbans.
Climate change exposes Sundarbans tiger habitats
Royal Bengal tigers in the Bangladesh Sundarbans could be wiped off by 2070 because of both climate change and sea-level rise.
Researchers forecast a Ceriops-dominated mangrove stretch along the India-Bangladesh border would potentially be the last refuge of the big cats in the Sundarbans.
Bangladesh and Australian researchers have conducted this study. The journal Science of The Total Environment published it.
“Our studies show a rapid falling-off the Royal Bengal tiger population and suitable tiger habitats in the Bangladesh Sundarbans area by 2050,” said the corresponding author of the study, Sharif A. Mukul.
With more than 10,000 square kilometres of areas, the Sundarbans region of Bangladesh and India is the most critical area for Bengal tiger survival.
The latest census using camera traps has stated the number of tigers to be between 83 and 130 in the Bangladesh Sundarbans while in India side of the mangroves to be only 86.
“We found that climate change has a higher impact on Bengal tiger in Sundarbans rather than the sea level rise alone,” said Mukul, an assistant professor at Independent University, Bangladesh.
The study considered sea level rise as a consequence of climate change. The researchers examined suitable tiger habitats in the mangrove ecosystem where the tigers prefer to live. This space along the India and Bangladesh borders in the Sundarbans and is the site of Bangladesh’s Sundarban West Wildlife Sanctuary.
In Bangladesh Sundarbans, the three main wildlife sanctuaries are Sundarban West, South and East. These sanctuaries cover around 23 percent of the total Sundarbans reserved forest owned by the Bangladesh Forest Department.
The sanctuary of the Sundarbans has been increased from 139,700 hectares to 317,900 hectares among the total of 601,700 hectares forest area.
Considering this fact, it is inadequate. We know Sundarbans is the largest wild habitat of Bengal tigers and only place where tigers are adapted to live in mangrove ecosystems.
Climate change predictions to determine the impact on tigers
In both the scenarios, the combination of climate change and sea-level rise will lead to the total loss of Bengal tiger habitats in the area.
Important factors linked to this decline are rainfall in the summer season, vegetation (mangrove species) and maximum temperature of the warmest month.
The reason could be the control of Ceriops Decandra species of mangroves in this border stretch where salinity is relatively higher than the rest of the Sundarbans. Climate change would drive a tree species shift and also trigger extreme weather events adding to the effects of sea-level rise.
Health decline of Sundari trees in Sundarbans
However, there is no significant decline in the number of mangroves in the Sundarbans for the last 30 years. However, there is evidence of a 25% health decline of the mangrove trees. And, it is due to the effect of increased salinity on Sundari tree. But the continuing effects of climate change could critically hamper its ability to reborn.
Most significantly, the ‘top-dying disease’ is the reason for declining 15% of trees in the Sundarbans since the 80s.
The expert said, the increase of saline water is the key reason, and this is happening in the Sundarbans.
Unfavourably, the Sundari tree is less tolerant of high salinity levels than other mangrove species and has previously been identified as suffering from die-back due to rising salinity.
Tiger conservation
The government of Bangladesh should prioritise tiger conservation by designating more areas for tiger conservation, create corridors for transboundary tiger movements.
The fate of the tiger will be the same in entire Sundarbans if the governments don’t take necessary action to conserve and allow more areas dedicated for tiger conservation. Transboundary conservation measures by the Bangladesh and Indian governments are urgent.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker and freelance climate journalist from Bangladesh. He has three years of experience in the field. Zulker developed all his courses with the support of other experienced Climate Tracker staff credited on the course landing page.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Within 50 years, the entire population of Bengal tigers in the Sundarbans mangroves in Bangladesh is likely to be lost to climate change and sea-level rise.
Royal Bengal tigers in the Bangladesh Sundarbans could be wiped off by 2070 because of both climate change and sea-level rise.
By 2050, researchers forecast a Ceriops-dominated mangrove stretch along the India-Bangladesh border would potentially be the last refuge of the big cats in the Sundarbans.
Transboundary conservation measures by the Bangladesh and Indian governments are urgent. Otherwise, the fate of the tiger will be the same in the entire Sundarbans, said, researchers.
This predict of Royal Bengal tigers wiped off by 2070 is by Bangladesh and Australian researchers who have conducted a modelling study.
Further, by 2050 researchers forecast that a Ceriops decandra-dominated mangrove stretch along the India-Bangladesh border would potentially be the only refuge of the big cats in the Sundarbans, underpinning the urgency of executing transboundary measures in conservation.
“Our studies show a rapid falling-off the Royal Bengal tiger population and suitable tiger habitats in the Bangladesh Sundarbans area by 2050,” said the corresponding author of the study, Sharif A. Mukul.
With more than 10,000 square kilometres of areas, the Sundarbans region of Bangladesh and India is the most critical area for Bengal tiger survival. The Bangladesh side of the forest covers nearly 60 percent of the total area of the Sundarbans.
The latest census using camera traps has stated the number of tigers to be between 83 and 130 in the Bangladesh Sundarbans while in India side of the mangroves to be only 86.
“We found that climate change has a higher impact on Bengal tiger in Sundarbans rather than the sea level rise alone,” said Mukul, an assistant professor at Independent University, Bangladesh.
The study considered sea level rise as a consequence of climate change. The researchers examined suitable tiger habitats in the mangrove ecosystem where the tigers prefer to live. This space along the India and Bangladesh borders in the Sundarbans and is the site of Bangladesh’s Sundarban West Wildlife Sanctuary.
In Bangladesh Sundarbans, the three main wildlife sanctuaries are Sundarban West, South and East. These sanctuaries cover around 23 percent of the total Sundarbans reserved forest owned by the Bangladesh Forest Department.
Considering this fact, it is inadequate. We know Sundarbans is the largest wild habitat of Bengal tigers and only place where tigers are adapted to live in mangrove ecosystems.
Climate change predictions to determine the impact on tigers
In both the scenarios, the combination of climate change and sea-level rise will lead to the total loss of Bengal tiger habitats in the area by 2070.
Important factors linked to the distribution of the big cats in the Sundarbans are rainfall in the summer season, vegetation (mangrove species) and maximum temperature of the warmest month.
We must also understand that the Sundarbans is a very dynamic system. So, the actual scenario could be better or worse than what we have predicted.
The reason could be the control of Ceriops decandra species of mangroves in this border stretch where salinity is relatively higher than the rest of the Sundarbans. Climate change would drive a tree species shift and also trigger extreme weather events adding to the effects of sea-level rise.
Climate change is likely to follow a similar path in the Indian Sundarbans and its counterpart in Bangladesh. Both sides are vulnerable to rising sea level.
The illegal poaching and human-tiger conflict are common on both sides of the Sundarbans.
Professor Bill Laurance of James Cook University in Australia, a co-author of the study emphasised on the new protected areas and reducing illegal poaching.
The government of Bangladesh ought to place tiger conservation by designating a lot of areas for tiger conservation, produce corridors for transboundary tiger movements. The authors have instructed to avoid unplanned development within the neighbourhood and lift public awareness to manage human-tiger conflicts with in the space, the authors recommend.
The fate of the tiger will be the same in entire Sundarbans if the governments don’t take necessary action to conserve and allow more areas dedicated for tiger conservation.
Climate Change and River salinity in coastal areas.
Climate change causes substantial changes in river salinity. Accordingly, it leads to the crisis of drinking water as well as the shortage of irrigation water.
Shortly, the changes in river salinity will unpleasantly affect the productivity of many capture fisheries. Negatively, it will affect the wild habitats of freshwater fish and giant prawns.
The health of Mangrove trees is declining.
A new study says the health of mangrove trees of the Sundarbans has significantly declined over the last 30 years due to salinity increase.
Consequently, the decline in health could critically hamper the ability to spring back. It makes it prone to unexpected climate-related hazards.
Also, the salinity increase in the water may induce a shift in the Sunderbans mangrove forest from Sundari to Gewa and Guran.
Accordingly, Bagerhat, Barguna, Barisal, Bhola, Khulna, Jhalokati, Pirojpur, and Satkhira districts will be most adversely affected.
Climate Change,Soil Salinity in Coastal Bangladesh.
Soon, the salinity level in the soil will surge in many areas of Barisal, Chittagong, and Khulna districts significantly. A study on the soil of the coastal regions of Bangladesh, the Soil Research Development Institute projects a median increase of 26% in salinity by 2050, with increases over 55% in the most affected areas.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker and freelance climate journalist from Bangladesh. He has three years of experience in the field. Zulker developed all his courses with the support of other experienced Climate Tracker staff credited on the course landing page.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
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50 Lakh++ Project Value Financial Consultancy
About The Program
Our financial recovery management in response to COVID-19 is an inclusive program to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Our inclusive program aims to serve our customers in a sustainable manner through a market-led approach. The distinction of this program lies in the clear identification of emergency business aid to create opportunities in the post-COVID world.
Our vision is to build an inclusive credential on financial recovery management in response to COVID-19 engaging services to the private sector. Our strategic objective is recovery through innovation.
Key Strategies
Integrate govt. announced stimulus packages to implement the immediate, short and long phases through increasing monetary supply.
Applying our expertise in aid to innovate products and services for economic and social development.
Concept testing to scale-up new or existing services.
Understanding customer’s need and national priorities to decide among alternate investment opportunities.
The multi-stakeholder partnership includes banks, financial institutes, national and global private sector leaders, and academia.
Our Services
Emergency Business Aid Support
Present scenario confirms that small-scale enterprises are in a crisis of working capital. Therefore, we are expecting to deal with those profiles requires emergency business aid in response to COVID-19. Moreover, our business outreach strategies for financial recovery is well defined for agriculture and small and medium-sized enterprises.
Market Research & Project Financing
Ongoing business with infrastructure is at the core of the emergency business aid. Our team aimed at reorganizes of business models, services and community outreach strategies for any kind of project. Besides, we understand the value of market research to facilitate innovation and create the opportunity for the next economy.
Consultancy
We are in COVID-19 timeline; however, the leadership behind our approach draws on many years of experience in project financing both at home and abroad. We offer a range of consulting services that aim to ease the business development of enterprises (SMEs) and initiatives engaged in agriculture.
Other reports
Climate Change and River salinity in coastal areas.
Climate change causes substantial changes in river salinity. Accordingly, it leads to the crisis of drinking water as well as the shortage of irrigation water.
Shortly, the changes in river salinity will unpleasantly affect the productivity of many capture fisheries. Negatively, it will affect the wild habitats of freshwater fish and giant prawns.
The health of Mangrove trees is declining.
A new study says the health of mangrove trees of the Sundarbans has significantly declined over the last 30 years due to salinity increase.
Consequently, the decline in health could critically hamper the ability to spring back. It makes it prone to unexpected climate-related hazards.
Also, the salinity increase in the water may induce a shift in the Sunderbans mangrove forest from Sundari to Gewa and Guran.
Accordingly, Bagerhat, Barguna, Barisal, Bhola, Khulna, Jhalokati, Pirojpur, and Satkhira districts will be most adversely affected.
Climate Change,Soil Salinity in Coastal Bangladesh.
Soon, the salinity level in the soil will surge in many areas of Barisal, Chittagong, and Khulna districts significantly. A study on the soil of the coastal regions of Bangladesh, the Soil Research Development Institute projects a median increase of 26% in salinity by 2050, with increases over 55% in the most affected areas.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker and freelance climate journalist from Bangladesh. He has three years of experience in the field. Zulker developed all his courses with the support of other experienced Climate Tracker staff credited on the course landing page.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
climate change could devastate nearly all of Earth's coral reef habitats by 2100
New research says climate change could devastate nearly all of Earth’s coral reef habitats by 2100.
Among the existing, around 70-90% of coral reefs are likely to disappear in the next 20 years because of warming oceans, acidic water, and pollution, said scientists from the University of Hawaii Manoa.
They made their findings public on last Monday at an ocean sciences conference.
A few ecological activists and coral reef researchers have been working closely on the restoration of coral. They tried to grow live corals in a lab, and then put them back into aquatic environments to restore dying reefs.
But the researchers warned, this may not be adequate to save Earth’s coral reefs.
The new study made cluster on the ocean areas that would be best suited to this type of coral restoration. They also took into consideration factors like acidity, water temperature, human population density and fishing frequency.
After investigating the world’s oceans, they reached a serious remark: “By 2100, few to zero suitable coral habitats will remain.”
Unfortunately, existing ocean parts where coral reefs live today won’t be healthy by 2045. And, the circumstance of these environments is only likely to get worse by 2100, according to the team’s simulations.
Only a few sites will be viable for the restoration of a coral reef by 2100, like portions of Baja California and the Red Sea — even these aren’t suitable territories for reef because they’re close to rivers.
The researchers warned that human-made climate change was the big killer, a small part of the larger threat.
“Cleaning up the beaches and battling pollution are praiseworthy. But, we need to continue those efforts,” Setter said in that release.
Earlier, scientists warned that the world’s reefs are heading for “massive death” as ocean warming and acidification destroy entire swaths of reefs.
The Great Barrier Reef is a case for a large scale of “bleaching” events by above-average water temperatures in the last two decades.
Then, a drastic marine heatwave in 2016 and 2017 has destroyed about half of the corals on the Great Barrier Reef.
The Great Barrier Reef is such habitat for a diverse range of marine life.
Moreover, the extinction could cause ecological collapse as third of all sea species depend on reefs, experts warn.
Also, coral reefs protect the shorelines and coastal infrastructure.
In recent years, activists are in the quest of saving the reefs. Almost nothing will be unless we take drastic action on climate change.
Other reports
Climate Change and River salinity in coastal areas.
Climate change causes substantial changes in river salinity. Accordingly, it leads to the crisis of drinking water as well as the shortage of irrigation water.
Shortly, the changes in river salinity will unpleasantly affect the productivity of many capture fisheries. Negatively, it will affect the wild habitats of freshwater fish and giant prawns.
The health of Mangrove trees is declining.
A new study says the health of mangrove trees of the Sundarbans has significantly declined over the last 30 years due to salinity increase.
Consequently, the decline in health could critically hamper the ability to spring back. It makes it prone to unexpected climate-related hazards.
Also, the salinity increase in the water may induce a shift in the Sunderbans mangrove forest from Sundari to Gewa and Guran.
Accordingly, Bagerhat, Barguna, Barisal, Bhola, Khulna, Jhalokati, Pirojpur, and Satkhira districts will be most adversely affected.
Climate Change,Soil Salinity in Coastal Bangladesh.
Soon, the salinity level in the soil will surge in many areas of Barisal, Chittagong, and Khulna districts significantly. A study on the soil of the coastal regions of Bangladesh, the Soil Research Development Institute projects a median increase of 26% in salinity by 2050, with increases over 55% in the most affected areas.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker and freelance climate journalist from Bangladesh. He has three years of experience in the field. Zulker developed all his courses with the support of other experienced Climate Tracker staff credited on the course landing page.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
In the coastal areas of Bangladesh, salinity intrusion in soil may lead to a deteriorating yield by 15.6% of high-harvesting-variety rice and reduce the income of farmers expressively.
In the background of climate change, we know, the coastal population is more exposed to saltwater intrusion. These populations on the“frontline” of climate change because of the constant sea-level rise beyond 2100, even if greenhouse gas emissions remain stable today.
Therefore, Bangladesh must comprehend the potential impacts and begin planning to cope with them.
However, most research has focused on the long-run effects of the sea level rise and associated losses from heightened cyclone-induced surges.
So, we need to investigate the level of higher salinity from saltwater intrusion, and its impact on livelihoods and adaptation alternatives.
Already, they found the coastal area is facing problems from salinization. And, the situation is deteriorating.
Climate Change and River salinity in coastal areas.
Climate change causes substantial changes in river salinity. Accordingly, it leads to the crisis of drinking water as well as the shortage of irrigation water.
Shortly, the changes in river salinity will unpleasantly affect the productivity of many capture fisheries. Negatively, it will affect the wild habitats of freshwater fish and giant prawns.
The health of Mangrove trees is declining.
A new study says the health of mangrove trees of the Sundarbans has significantly declined over the last 30 years due to salinity increase.
Consequently, the decline in health could critically hamper the ability to spring back. It makes it prone to unexpected climate-related hazards.
Also, the salinity increase in the water may induce a shift in the Sunderbans mangrove forest from Sundari to Gewa and Guran.
Accordingly, Bagerhat, Barguna, Barisal, Bhola, Khulna, Jhalokati, Pirojpur, and Satkhira districts will be most adversely affected.
Climate Change, Soil Salinity in Coastal
Bangladesh.
Soon, the salinity level in the soil will surge in many areas of Barisal, Chittagong, and Khulna districts significantly. A study on the soil of the coastal regions of Bangladesh, the Soil Research Development Institute projects a median increase of 26% in salinity by 2050, with increases over 55% in the most affected areas.
Impacts on rice production due to climate change.
Accordingly, the climate-induced soil salinity is impacting on the output of high-harvesting-variety rice. As a result, the rice harvest is likely to decline by 15.6% in nine coastal unions, where the soil salinity will exceed around four decisions per meter by 2050.
Now, the farmers are earning less from rice production in several regions, along with the losses of 10.5% Barisal and 7.5 in Chittagong, earlier.
Consequently, many unions are suffering from significant yield losses and substantial price reductions from rising salinity.
Livelihoods are in threat in a changing climate.
Already, the salinity has turned the household status to the most harmful level. The poverty impact is striking one that the economic situation of a coastal household is in the bottom 20% rises six-fold, from 8% to 56%.
Therefore, the Bangladesh government is trying to cope up with the adverse effects of a changing climate. As we know, the country is one of the frontiers which is affected by climate change.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker and freelance climate journalist from Bangladesh. He has three years of experience in the field. Zulker developed all his courses with the support of other experienced Climate Tracker staff credited on the course landing page.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change. Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Sundarbans can regenerate after the damage by cyclone Amphan
We know the Sundarbans has its capacity to regenerate. The damage after the Amphan is possible to recover like the recovery after the destruction by cyclone Bulbul.
The cyclonic storm Amphan has uprooted around 12,358 trees. So far, the forest department incurred losses in infrastructure worth Tk 21,500,000, according to a damage determination report of the forest department.
Garans were the victims of the cyclone, whilst the monetary value of all the broken trees is Tk1,010,000.
However, according to the forest department’s report, no wild animals were killed during the passing over of the cyclone.
Last year, the mangrove forest lost 4,589 trees because of the cyclone Bulbul. The forest department had to carry on an infrastructural loss up to Tk 62, 85,000 then.
Authorities ban cutting down of trees so that the forest could regenerate.
Md Bashirul Al Mamun, Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) of the Sundarbans West Zone, said: “Cutting down of all sorts of trees in this mangrove forest has been banned. Sundarbans has successfully regenerated after the attack of cyclone Bulbul. Similarly, it will happen in this case; we will only have to renovate our infrastructures.”
Even though instances of casualties has reported during two earlier storms in 2007 and 2009. A thousand people survived as the Sundarbans stood as a shield between the inhabitants of the coastal districts and the fierce winds.
However, the Sundarbans has saved Bangladesh again, which it has been doing for hundreds of years.
Similarly, this time, it took the blow of super-cyclone Amphan and protected us from severe devastation.
The Sundarbans is not only an ecosystem is torn, rather it is an unspoken “trouble-shooter” addressing our social challenges.
We were already overwhelmed by two of the main challenges—climate change and biodiversity loss. What is more, mangroves are such natural systems that can help us tackle both challenges.
As we continue facing a climate crisis and biodiversity loss in catastrophic proportions can be protecting the Sundarbans and nature, as a whole, be our priority now?
We may justify investing in the protection, restoration, and expansion of the mangroves. However, the return from preserving and restoring mangrove is ten times the investment.
Unfortunately, Sundari tree, the main mangrove species in the Sundarbans is becoming unhealthy gradually.
However, there is no significant decline in the number of mangroves in the Sundarbans for the last 30 years. However, there is evidence of a 25% health decline of the mangrove trees.
It is due to the effect of increased salinity and the continuing effects of climate change. These could critically hamper its ability to reborn.
A satellite-based data-driven study on world’s mangrove system brought new findings to say that the dreadful effects of climate change could severely hamper the growths of Sundari tree.
Around 1.44 million cubic meters of Sundari trees have been lost to “top-dying disease in the last 30 years,” experts said.
Top-dying disease among the Sundari, heart-rot disease among the Pashur, and dieback disease in the Kewara, are behind the trees’ rapid decline.
The expert said, the increases of saline water are the key reason, and this is happening in the Sundarbans.
Unfavourably, the Sundari tree is less tolerant of high salinity levels than another mangrove species.
“There is evidence of a decline in the health of about 25% of the mangrove trees,” said study author Katie Awty-Carroll of Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales.
Awty-Carroll and his team observed along with a 30-year time series of Landsat data of the entire Sundarbans.
However, it is hard to know the proper explanations behind this decline in mangrove health, the scientists think the long-term decline in mangrove health may be linked to the impacts of increased salinity on the Sundari tree.
Also, rising sea levels are increasing salinity, with adverse effects on the damage from severe cyclones mean that the defensive capacity of the Sundarbans could be reduced in future years.
This study also explored the damage of Sidr, which made landfall in Bangladesh in November 2007.
“We estimate that around 11% of the Sundarbans forest was damaged by Sidr, which is lower than other estimates,” said Awty-Carroll.
Meanwhile, this study also revealed that the effects of Sidr were still apparent more than 10 years after the cyclone made landfall.
Besides, the super-cyclone Amphan brought significant damage over the entire Sundarbans region.
Accordingly, this suggests that major cyclones could decrease the health of the mangroves for a long.
We know, Climate change has to lead to an increase in the salinity of the water and soil of the Sundarbans.
Earlier, it was a finding of 30ppm of salinity in the water—which declines the disease-prevention capacity of the trees.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker and freelance climate journalist from Bangladesh. He has three years of experience in the field. Zulker developed all his courses with the support of other experienced Climate Tracker staff credited on the course landing page.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change.
Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Does Cyclone Amphan badly damages Sundarbans like Sidr?
Super cyclone Amphan battered West Bengal and Bangladesh’s coastal area and badly damaged parts of the Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest in the world, spread across India and Bangladesh.
The cyclone has already hit the coastal district of Khulna with strong winds and heavy rainfall.
Streets waterlogged, trees uprooted and houses damaged due to strong winds and heavy rain as Amphan crossed West Bengal-Bangladesh coast between Digha (West Bengal) and Hatiya Islands (Bangladesh) across Sunderbans.
The cyclonic storm Amphan has uprooted around 12,300 trees, mostly Garans, in the Bangladeshi part of the Sundarbans mangrove forest.
Vulnerable people were evacuated from the coastal and forest areas ahead of the cyclone. The fate of wild animals found in the Sundarban would have suffered the most in the aftermath of Cyclone Amphan.
However, the Sundarbans has saved Bangladesh again, which it has been doing for hundreds of years.
Similarly, this time, it took the blow of super-cyclone Amphan and protected us from severe devastation.
When it comes to saving people from coastal flooding, Bangladesh is one of the top three countries in the world getting the most benefit from its mangroves.
According to a recent study, a 20-km mangrove stretch could give more than USD 250 million-flood protection benefits a year. Can we only partly imagine the importance of the Sundarbans to Bangladesh?
The Sundarbans is not only an ecosystem is torn rather it is an unspoken “trouble-shooter” addressing our social challenges.
We were already overwhelmed by two of the main challenges—climate change and biodiversity loss. What is more, mangroves are such natural systems that can help us tackle both challenges.
As we continue facing a climate crisis and biodiversity loss in catastrophic proportions can be protecting the Sundarbans and nature, as a whole, be our priority now?
Like other countries with mangroves, Bangladesh is also enjoying tremendous benefits out of them.
Globally, mangroves give us USD 65 billion value of coastal flood protection each year. They yearly give us USD 50 billion non-market benefits from fisheries, forestry, and recreation.
We may justify investing in the protection, restoration, and expansion of the mangroves. However, the return from preserving and restoring mangrove is 10 times the investment. How would we value thousands of years of evolution of mangroves? What price can we put on a mangrove when it is the home of hundreds?
Unfortunately, Sundari tree, the main mangrove species in the Sundarbans is becoming unhealthy gradually.
However, there is no significant decline in the number of mangroves in the Sundarbans for the last 30 years. However, there is evidence of a 25% health decline of the mangrove trees.
It is due to the effect of increased salinity and the continuing effects of climate change. These could critically hamper its ability to reborn.
A satellite-based data-driven study on world’s mangrove system brought new findings to say that the dreadful effects of climate change could severely hamper the growths of Sundari tree.
Around 1.44 million cubic meters of Sundari trees have been lost to “top-dying disease in the last 30 years,” experts said.
Top-dying disease among the Sundari, heart-rot disease among the Pashur, and dieback disease in the Kewara, are behind the trees’ rapid decline.
The expert said, the increases of saline water are the key reason, and this is happening in the Sundarbans.
Unfavourably, the Sundari tree is less tolerant of high salinity levels than another mangrove species.
“There is evidence of a decline in the health of about 25% of the mangrove trees,” said study author Katie Awty-Carroll of Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales.
Awty-Carroll and his team observed along with a 30-year time series of Landsat data of the entire Sundarbans.
However, it is hard to know the proper explanations behind this decline in mangrove health, the scientists think the long-term decline in mangrove health may be linked to the impacts of increased salinity on the Sundari tree.
Also, rising sea levels are increasing salinity, with adverse effects on the damage from severe cyclones mean that the defensive capacity of the Sundarbans could be reduced in future years.
This study also explored the damage of Sidr, which made landfall in Bangladesh in November 2007.
“We estimate that around 11% of the Sundarbans forest was damaged by Sidr, which is lower than other estimates,” said Awty-Carroll.
Meanwhile, this study also revealed that the effects of Sidr were still apparent more than 10 years after the cyclone made landfall.
Besides, the super-cyclone Amphan brought significant damage over the entire Sundarbans region.
Accordingly, this suggests that major cyclones could decrease the health of the mangroves for a long.
We know, Climate change has to lead to an increase in the salinity of the water and soil of the Sundarbans.
Earlier, it was a finding of 30ppm of salinity in the water—which declines the disease-prevention capacity of the trees.
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker and freelance climate journalist from Bangladesh. He has three years of experience in the field. Zulker developed all his courses with the support of other experienced Climate Tracker staff credited on the course landing page.
As a young
climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share knowledge of climate change.
Climate
Tracker is a global media network closely works on Climate Change.
Climate Journalism Course is now affordable which is unbelievable too. Moreover, this course aims to enhance understanding of climate change impacts on biodiversity.
Fortunately, this online course is designed for passionate
writer and next journalists with limited experience engaging with issues on
climate change and ecosystem services interactions with biodiversity locally,
nationally and internationally.
The course participants assess the climate change-related issues relevant to available articles in biodiversity, identify the topics and then follow appropriate writing style.
Participants also
develop a writing skill to relate the human-climate fact within 1 to 2 months
after the training workshop.
Applicants to this training course need not demonstrate prior experience with journalism and how skills gained will be utilized after the workshop.
Communicating
Climate Change is to promote key knowledge on climate change issues and to
cover the most basic journalism skills – in the context of Bangladesh. We’re
particularly opening this extensive course to prepare the next climate
journalist.
You may not a
subject matter expert, but you will become familiar with the key concepts,
approaches, and climate journalism staples.
To promote Climate Journalism in Bangladesh, we’re particularly
opening this course on climate change to prepare the next journalist. With this
great objective, we are going to run a three-month campaign to introduce this
course among students with an extensive collaboration of the interested
partners.
Moreover, this
campaign aims to teach students between graduate and post-graduate. That is
why; we are emphasizing their pattern of seeking information, also to influence
them to enrol this course by ensuring their active participation.
A social media
campaign will run to promote this course. University faculty, expert,
practitioners, and journalist will engage with this initiative.
Why climate journalism is facing difficulties in
Bangladesh?
The knowledge of
climate change among University students is relatively insignificant in
Bangladesh, that understanding is making them less interested. This is why we
are focusing on 20-25 years aged university students, the key audience, also
the future leader of the nation to keep an active role in society. We better
know, their pattern of seeking information is through educational institutes,
teachers, and social media platforms.
Finally, our
objective is to influence 100 students of 20-25-year-old age throughout the
nation to enrol this course for their future between 1 June and 31 August 2020.
Participants will
enrol in this online course with a registration fee. After finishing the course
materials, the participants will have to join in the online quiz or complete
the assignment. Finally, the participants will get the certificate. This course
will start from 20th June 2020.
Key objectives of this course:
To give basic knowledge on climate change issues
To guide the participants on key climate journalism topics
To launch a certification process for participants who wish to publish an article as a trainee journalist.
A summary of this curriculum—
Learning: Climate Change Issues in the context of Bangladesh
Zulker Naeen is a South Asia Fellow at Climate Tracker and freelance climate journalist from Bangladesh. He has three years of experience in the field. Zulker developed all his courses with the support of other experienced Climate Tracker staff credited on the course landing page.
As a young climate advocate, his fellowship aims to share
knowledge of climate change.
Climate Tracker is a global media network closely works on
Climate Change.
Communicating Climate: A Climate Change Journalism Workshop is to promote key knowledge on climate change issues and to cover the most basic journalism skills – pitching, fact-finding, interviewing, data visualization, and more – in the context of Bangladesh.
Key
objectives of this course:
To give basic knowledge on climate change issues
To guide the participants on key climate journalism topics
To launch a certification process for participants who wish to publish an article as a trainee journalist.
A
summary of this curriculum—
Learning: Climate Change Issues in the context of Bangladesh
Skills Development: Climate Journalism
Staples
Content Training: Making the
Climate-human Link
Evaluation: Online Exam
Reward: Certification
What the participants
will learn
Basic Knowledge on
Climate Change
Climate Change Issues
Climate and Health
Climate Change and its
impact on Bangladesh
Climate Journalism
Training
Climate Change Communication
in Social Media
Is
there any course prerequisites?
There is no course prerequisite.
Climate Journalism in Bangladesh
As a campaigner of Climate Journalism in Bangladesh, we’re particularly opening a course on climate change to prepare the next journalist. With this great objective, we are going to run a three-month campaign to introduce this course among students with an extensive collaboration of the interested partners.
This campaign is designed to reach the
students between graduate and post-graduate emphasizing their pattern of
seeking information, also to influence them to enrol this course by ensuring
their active participation.
A social media campaign is going to be
developed to promote this course. University faculty, expert, practitioners,
and journalist will engage with this initiative. Students will partake in the
online course by a registration process. After the complication of the course
materials, the participants have to join in the online quiz.
Finally, this initiative will award the
winners with a certificate.
#Context
The knowledge of climate change among
University students is relatively insignificant in Bangladesh, that
understanding is making them less interested.
20-25 years aged university students,
the key audience, also the future leader of the nation to keep an active role
in society. Their pattern of seeking information is through educational
institutes, teachers, and social media platforms.
# Communication Objective
To influence 100 students of
20-25-year-old age throughout the nation to enrol this course for their future
between 1 June and 31 August 2020.
#Strategies
Course Development: To
develop an easygoing course for the student.
Online Contest: To
arrange an online contest to offer the course.
Video: To
make a few online sessions on the mandatory topic.
Digital Campaign: To
design a complete digital campaign plan for all social media platforms.
Awards: To
award certificate for the winners.
Participatory gifts: To engage co-sponsors to offer various gifts for the standard participants.
#Course Module
Section 1 | Introduction
#Introduction
to the overall course
It will try to explain to the participants why climate change topics are easier to understand with our course.
Wildfires, cyclones,
and infectious diseases are the key topics for participants to understand how
to highlight the human-interest
story behind climate change.
Section 4 | Climate and Health
#Health
challenges and Climate Adaptation
It will introduce the health challenges, as well as the opportunities, that can be associated with climate change. In addition, it will give you a brief idea on Adaptation: Minimizing climate risks to health, building resilience against climate effects, building climate-resilient health systems, and health response to climate change.
Section 5 | Climate Change and its
impact on Bangladesh
#Existing
climate challenges in Bangladesh
It will introduce the existing challenges associated with climate change in Bangladesh
Section 6 | A to Z of Climate Journalism
Know-How’s
#How
to write as a Climate Journalist
It will inspire the participants to be a
climate journalist. Participants will learn how to effectively pitch a story to
the editors about climate.
Also, they will find the important facts, time-sensitive, identifiable characters, the central conflict, and the identifiable theme. Moreover, they will learn how to searching for sources. In addition, they will learn how to ask questions for the Interview. Again, this section will also try to learn two-three tools on how they better know data visualization.
Section 7 | Climate Topics for writings
#Explanation:
Few articles related to climate change
It will explain 10 published articles on climate issues covered by the Climate Journalist.
Section 8 | Climate Change Communication
in Social Media
Writing strategic insight is crucial for every business; however, a set of questions may ease that analytical task.
Moreover, a communication practitioner may help your internal analyst team to design a rigorous form to acquire the real picture.
A company always tries to build a distinct competitive advantage to grow more and to be profitable over the long term. A very few have a clear idea of what that really means. The various language of strategy creates confusion among them, as they are not oriented with the technical details of analytical tools.
We would like to tell them to draw three circles.
Those circles, positioned in the proper relationship to one another, provide an excellent visual representation of what strategy—both internal and external—means.
Hundreds of leaders have accepted this strategy concept by using this simple tool. They take it back to their organizations, where it often becomes part of the decision-making process.
Let’s try this exercise by engaging an executive team. First, the team should think intensely about what customers value and why. Identifying deeper values can ease the decision-making process and create new opportunities for value creation. The first circle thus signifies the team’s consensus on most valuable customers or customers’ needs.
Company’s Offerings, Customers’ Needs.
The second circle represents the team’s view of how customers accept the company’s offerings. Here, the two circles overlap indicates how well the company’s offerings are meeting customers’ needs.
Even in mature industries, customers get a chance to express their needs or problems in conversations with companies. Very Often, the customers’ unexpressed problems turn into growth opportunities.
The third circle represents the team’s view of how customers perceive the competitors’ offerings.
The Covid-19 pandemic is still making its way around the
world, and it will remain a few more times before it’s over. However, at the
early stage, we get some lessons on how to take preparation to deal with the
future problem of climate change impacts soon after it.
Significantly, the Covid-19 virus outbreak has more to do
with how we have neglected our ecosystems rather than because of human-induced
climate change.
Today, it proves the coexistence of this pandemic and
climate change.
The first lesson is about when to take action when faced
with a future problem. Leaders tend to wait for the problem to occur before
taking action, despite having warning by scientists earlier about the imminence
of the problem. Even at this early stage, it is clear that initial responses to
be better prepared for the problem before it occurs is much more effective.
However, it means our leaders don’t accept what the
scientists warn them earlier and asked for policies that may seem too much
then, and it was a warning even before the problem arises. However, as we know
now, it is better to overreact before the problem arises so that the problem
can put under control before the problem becomes a crisis.
Waiting for the problem to manifest itself may lead many
lives to lose unnecessarily. This is what is now playing out in Italy and
Spain. It may lead to this similar case in the United States and the United
Kingdom too. Let’s hope this not happens in Bangladesh.
In the second lesson, we couldn’t stop the entry of foreign
migrants. Of course, we can try to do so, and somehow it may even delay this
problem.
Equally, indeed, we can only try to protect ourselves at the
personal and household level. Still, if others get start affecting around us,
then we will also be its victim sooner or later.
The success of tackling the pandemic in Taiwan, Singapore,
and South Korea, has already shown how collective action from everyone in the
country, together with proactive leaders, can overcome the challenges.
The third lesson is one end of the scale.
Even though the Covid-19 pandemic seems a devastating one now, its impacts will pale in comparison with the potential effects of climate change, which are yet to come.
Hence, the early action to prevent the worst impacts,
including adaptation as well as mitigation, must keep in consideration by all
if we hope to minimize the adverse effects.
Every action by individuals or any bodies will count towards
reducing the inevitable damage from climate change that is yet to come.
The fourth lesson drives us to look at our economical costs
and behavioral changes.
Here, there are indeed a couple of positive lessons. Almost
all people in an entire country are now ready to change their behavior quite
drastically if they have to. It is a hopeful sign going forward.
On the economic front, there has already been a widespread
disruption of the global economy. Still, some unintended benefits include a
significant reduction in air pollution as well as greenhouse gases.
While such economic disruption is not desirable and we will
recover from it soon, it is worth thinking about whether the recovery is
possible in a much more eco-friendly manner.
The final lesson has to do with the inevitable economic chaos and recession that is starting to happen already and will get a lot worse before it gets better.
Bangladesh is likely to see significant negative impacts on
manufacturing, exports, and possibly even our food production going forward.
Even the worst is yet to come. Moreover, we must take preparation for the
immediate economic downturn as well as think about the future path to recovery
once the worst is over.
It applies to the global economy and the silver lining in this Covid-19 pandemic, which is most relevant for tackling climate change.
Equally, it is an opportunity to rebuild the post-pandemic
economy as a green one that doesn’t allow the destruction of nature. Let us
hope that all global leaders are up to the challenge.
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When carbon dioxide combines with seawater, it produces carbonic acid which increases the acidity of the water. And, it is happening for many years and causes uneven ocean ecosystems.
Since the thriving industrial revolution, the betting on fossil fuels has caused an excessive release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. And, it is being absorbed by our earth’s oceans.
In the
seawater, chemical reactions occur with carbon dioxide that lowers seawater pH,
reduces carbonate concentration, and reduces saturation states of biologically
important calcium carbonate materials.
Consequently,
the ocean’s
chemistry becomes more acidic, carbonate ions face difficultly to form. The
carbonate ions are used by marine creatures, for synthesize their calcium carbonate
shells
and skeletons.
As the pH of
the ocean
changes, the ocean becomes unconcentrated with these minerals, which
affects the creatures to maintain their shells.
Since the
growth of industries, the pH balance of ocean waters has dropped by 0.1 pH
units, equivalent to a 30% increase of water acidity.
The acidity has never dropped down below 0.6 units since the last 300 million years. This is likely to increase more if we continue to burn fossil fuels frequently.
Ocean acidification and the harsh reality of the marine ecosystem
Right now,
the ocean is on pace to become 150% more acidic by 2100. And this ocean
acidification is an unswerving consequence of human-made carbon emissions.
Humans’ continual release of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere has led to ocean acidification.
This process
has to lead to the destruction of many marine ecosystems and the plants. One of
the most beautiful occurrences in nature — the
coral reefs — are dying.
Coral reefs
used to be a massive hub of life and colour underneath the water hosting a
plethora of organisms within. Now many are bleached white due to higher water temperatures
and have sustained damage to their structure due to increased acidification.
Coral
bleaching occurs in which corals lose their colour due to extrinsic factors
such as pH (being too acidic) and increasing temperature exposure.
The consequences
of ocean acidification are not limited to marine life. We have been
inexplicably connected to the ocean, we have utilized it for recreation,
transportation, medicine, and most importantly food.
It is
estimated, we consume approximately 1.5 billion fish each year. A decline in
fish availability could have severe economic and social implications for us.
How can we ensure the reversal of this issue?
A most effective measure to combat this problem is to decrease carbon pollution.
Other
solutions have been proposed to slow the acidification process or protect their
environments — mainly coral reefs.
Although,
these are mostly bandaged solutions unable to recover the situation.
Unfortunately, reducing carbon pollution is a challenge because it involves
many factors.
Individuals can act their roles to limit their carbon footprint. Reducing your carbon pollution is simple if you unplug the appliances after use.
Many
websites may help you to calculate your unique carbon footprint and offer easy
solutions to help bring that number down.
The individual effort is not insignificant at all. A collective effort may potentially make a great impact.
It is high
time; we work together to reduce pollution or acquire new technologies that can
reduce the world’s current carbon footprints.
Water Acidification and the harsh reality of the ocean chemistry
Marine life mostly depends on the ocean chemistry staying somewhat constant are coral reefs.
So, these organisms create their life from calcium carbonate and will eventually house other organisms within their anatomy.
Extreme acidification may decrease coral growth by corroding pre-existing coral skeletons; simultaneously slowing the growth of new ones.
Now, the weaker reefs are more vulnerable to corrosion. Besides, larvae that inhabit the coral to reproduce may find the acidification too harmful, preventing them from reaching adulthood.
Other species oysters, mussels, urchins and fish are affected by acidification. Also, this ocean acidification plays a crucial role in the development of an organism’s shells. Which affects their overall lifespan.
These
shellfish cause 25% of less development of their shells. It is becoming thinner
and brittle. Without their only source of protection, this can make them more
vulnerable to the harsh reality of the ocean.
Plankton is the procedure of marine spices and the catalyst of the food chain.
Also, Phytoplankton and zooplankton possess calcium carbonate bodies which eventually leads their species to endanger.
Sea urchins
face the faster dissolve of their spiny exoskeletons due to the calcite calcium
carbonate chemistry — unlike their aragonite calcium carbonate friends, such as
coral and starfish.
Still, the fish are detrimentally affected by the effects of ocean acidification. More explicitly, studies have shown that clownfish lose their hearing in more acidic water. Most importantly, the fish are more vulnerable to predation and communication among the species is hindered.
Ocean acidification may alter the ecosystems of millions of years.
Also, it has the influence to contaminate shellfish that humans consume. Changes are a must to preserve our marine ecosystems to prevent the extinction of wildlife.
Right now, the ocean is on pace to become 150% more acidic by 2100. And this ocean acidification is an unswerving consequence of human-made carbon emissions. Now, it is up to us to take action before large ocean ecosystems are interrupted.
Ocean acidification and disruption of marine ecosystems
Since the
thriving industrial revolution, the betting on fossil fuels has caused an
excessive release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. And, it is being
absorbed by our earth’s oceans.
When carbon dioxide combines with seawater, it produces carbonic acid which increases the acidity of the water. Therefore, it is happening for many years and causes uneven ocean ecosystems.
In the seawater, chemical reactions occur with carbon dioxide that lowers seawater pH. Accordingly, it reduces carbonate concentration and reduces saturation states of biologically important calcium carbonate materials.
Consequently, the ocean’s chemistry becomes more acidic, carbonate ions face difficultly to form. The carbonate ions are used by marine creatures, for synthesize their calcium carbonate shells and skeletons.
As the pH of
the ocean changes, the ocean becomes unconcentrated with these minerals, which
affects the creatures to maintain their shells.
Growing rice in the ocean seems odd. Nevertheless, ocean agriculture is a rising form of food production with real potential.
Unfortunately, less than 1% of fresh water is available for human-purpose, and 70% of that is being used for agriculture worldwide.
Growing demand for food and the rise of the population are pushing researchers to search for new areas where agriculture has never reached there before.
One crop taking to the sea is rice. A company led by two 24-year-old scientists aim to grow salt-tolerant rice and floating ocean farms by 2021. As a part of this project, this team is expected to make small pilot farms by the end of 2020.
Currently, around 7.7 billion people are
living on the planet. Also, an expected 2 billion more will
join the lines by 2050. So, ensuring enough food for all is important. That is
why; some companies are finding solutions to ecological problems, such as
sea-level rise, through scientific advancement.
Most of the water used in agriculture
is for irrigation, and rice is one of the most water-concentrated crops, also
widely consumed grain worldwide.
Around 90% of total rice production is
in Asia alone. Around 3.5 billion people rely on rice every day. So, people
have long been interested in manipulating rice genes to achieve certain goals.
Manipulating the rice genome is not a new task. The Golden Rice Project started in 1999, was to address the widespread vitamin A deficiency, and causing blindness in many rice staple countries.
AgriSea is captivating a new approach to food science.
They want to grow rice in the ocean by using gene-editing, which would intensify the phrase of genes available in rice that control salt-tolerance.
Salt-tolerant rice could be grown in
salty ocean water without the use of soil, fertilizer or freshwater.
Also, they have identified the genes
that control for salt expulsion, cellular insulation and DNA protection, and
are enhancing the expression of those genes.
“Together these genes act in a
network, just like they do in nature,” Luke Young, CEO and co-founder of
Agrisea said.
“We just encourage them along the
pathways that nature has formed in plants that can thrive in a salty
environment.” The co-founders explained that they could use repeated selective breeding
in rice to get the same result, but gene-editing just speeds up the process.
The first step in the process was to
create a portfolio of salt-resistant crops that will eventually grow in
floating ocean farms around the world.
AgriSea is already in discussion with
major rice-producing countries; Nigeria, China, Vietnam and Bangladesh, as well
as New Zealand, the USA, Japan and Chile, to establish these floating ocean
farms.
Also, the company plans to have their
first small pilot farms in the water by the end of 2020, they expect to have
multiple larger pilot farms in the ocean by the end of 2021.
Can coral reefs live climate change and a warming ocean
It’s no undisclosed that coral reefs are in danger. Scientists predict that almost all of the earth’s reefs will be endangered by 2050 if existing levels of greenhouse gas emissions remain.
The changes are now happening: Three-quarters of coral reefs are now exposed to man-made problems.
Climate
change, definitely, is one of the main crosiers. It makes oceans warmer and
more acidic, failing the calcium carbonate that systems a coral’s skeleton.
Temperature variations can cause corals to emit the symbiotic algae that live inside their tissues, where they provide vital nutrients and also give corals their lively hues.
This effect, known as “coral bleaching,” clarifies why unhealthy corals turn a spectral shade of white.
Subsequently, in an ever-warming
world, are corals – and the marine ecosystems and coastal communities they
support – completely downhearted? Maybe not.
A new study of more than 2,500 coral reefs in the Indian and Pacific oceans found that most of the reefs had been damaged by previous mass bleaching events, but not beyond repair.
Another 17% had minimal bleaching between 2014-2017 and were
healthy and thriving.
“The good news is that functioning coral reefs still exist, and
our study shows that it is not too late to save them,” said Dr Emily Darling, the lead author of the study
and the head of the Wildlife Conservation Society’s global coral reef
monitoring program.
The study, which appears in the journal “Nature Ecology and Evolution,” was supported in part by Bloomberg Philanthropies’ Vibrant Oceans Initiative.
More than 80 marine scientists contributed to the study and suggested three strategies for managing coral populations.
There needs to be global action to mitigate the effects of climate change, as well as an intervention on a smaller, local scale, according to the study’s authors.
As Dr Georgina Gurney of James
Cook University explains, “While coral reef sustainability depends largely on
reducing carbon emissions, identifying reefs that are likely to respond – to
build the well-being of the millions of people dependent on coral reefs across
the globe.”
But
sometimes the healthy corals are the ones that could use our protection the
most. After all, it’s easier to prevent future harm than it is to deal with the
consequences of neglect.
When coral reefs are properly managed and endangered, a square kilometre of the tropical reef can produce 15 tons of seafood per year.
There are financial paybacks at stake, too. According to a White House climate report from last year, the U.S. is likely to lose $140 billion by 2100 as climate change causes destruction on coral reef recreational activities.
But
as the Indo-Pacific reef study demonstrates, it doesn’t have to end badly.
Decisive global action, coupled with protective measures on a local level, can
ensure that corals have a bright and vibrant future in our oceans.
“Around 70-90% of coral reefs are likely to disappear in the
next 20 years because of warming oceans, acidic water, and pollution, said
scientists from the University of Hawaii Manoa.
Still, a few ecological activists and coral reef researchers are working closely on the restoration of coral.
Also, they have tried to grow live corals in a lab. Then they put them back into aquatic environments to restore dying reefs.
But these initiatives are not adequate to save Earth’s coral reefs.
The new study made ocean demography that would suit this kind of coral restoration. Factors like acidity, water temperature, human population density and fishing frequency were in consideration while making this demography.
Unfortunately, existing ocean parts where coral reefs live today won’t be healthy by 2045.
Only a few sites will be viable for the restoration of a coral reef by 2100, like portions of Baja California and the Red Sea — even these aren’t suitable territories for reef because they’re close to rivers.
Cleaning up the beaches and battling pollution are praiseworthy. But we need to continue those efforts.
But tackling climate change is really what we need to be advocating for shielding corals.
Australia's fires must teach us investment in innovation
Sanders’ radical climate policies are not the quickest way to address climate change, said Bjorn Lomborg, a visiting fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University.
Australia’s fires must teach us investment in innovation is the most impactful strategy.
Scenes of devastation from Australia’s fires have been heart-breaking. How do we quit this suffering? For several advocates and also politicians like Bernie Sanders, the solution is specific: drastic environment plans. When we take a look at the proof, this basic response falls short.
Australia is the world’s most fire-prone continent, according to 2018 clinical study published in the journal Global Change Biology.
A 2005 research study in the same journal shows that in 1900, 11% of its surface area shed each year. These days, some 5% of the nation burns yearly.
By the end of the century, if we do not stop climate change, higher temperature levels, will likely suggest a 0.7 portion factor increase in charred location,
It is according to the Environmental Research Letters in 2014, a boost from 5.3% of Australia to 6%.
This boost is not trivial, as well as it is an argument for reliable environment adjustment activity.
By far the most impactful, practical policy is a remarkable rise in investment in reduced- and zero-carbon power technology.
That’s because solar and wind power will certainly be neither cheap adequate nor effective adequate to change fossil fuels.
Today, International Energy Agency numbers reveal that solar as well as wind comprise just 1.1% of international energy use, and the IEA estimates that also after we spend $3 trillion even more on aids, they will not reach 5% by 2040.
Technology is required to reduce the price of green energy, with research for Copenhagen Consensus showing environment-friendly research and development to be one of the most cost-effective environment plans.
We need to find developments for batteries, nuclear, carbon capture as well as a myriad of other encouraging technologies. Innovation can address our climate challenge.
Sadly, several reports on Australia’s fires have made use of the carnage to press a particular schedule, hang on three suggestions.
That wildfire is even worse than ever, that this is triggered by international warming. And that the only service is for political leaders to make even bigger carbon cut promises.
Globally, a wildfire burns much less land than it utilized to, according to a 2016 Royal Society research study.
Given that 1900, worldwide burned location has reduced by greater than one-third, as a result of agriculture, fire reductions and also woodland monitoring. In the satellite age, both NASA and other groups document significant reductions.
What Satellite reveals
Surprisingly, this reduction is even real for Australia. Satellites reveal that from 1997-2018 the burned location decreased by one-third. Australia’s current fire period has seen much less area melted than previous years.
The Guardian newspaper reports that approximately, a wildfire burned 19.4 million hectares in Australia. It was about half the ordinary burn over the comparable period of 37 million hectares in the satellite document.
When the media recommends Australia’s, fires are “extraordinary in range,” they are incorrect.
Australia’s scorched location decreased by
more than a third 1900-2000 and has decreased over the satellite duration.
This fire period at the time of writing, 2.5% of Australia’s area has burned contrasted to the last 10 years’ 4.8% average by this point.
What is various this year is that fires have actually mainly been in New South Wales and also Victoria. These are very important states with a little bit more than half the country’s population.
Since the peer-reviewed quotes published in Environmental Research Letters in 2014, Australia’s fire see a long-lasting increase in burned location.
Yet these quotes reveal the impact of climate change does not enhance Australia’s burned area until the 2030s or 2040s.
Scientists suggest it’s not feasible to discover a link in between global warming and also fire for Australia today.
A boost will just come to be obvious in the 2040s. The pictures originating from Australia are surprising, yet pictures ought to not defeat science.
Across the Tasman Sea, New Zealand is intending to attain carbon non-partisanship by 2050.
New Zealand Institute of Economic Research, shows it will cost 16% of the country’s yearly economic situation.
It will just lower temperatures by four-thousands of a degree by 2100.
Reproduce those costs throughout Australian states and all over the world; taxpayers are just not going to hold up against that sort of discomfort, regardless of the purpose.
The world’s poor nations are never going to be able to afford to follow up. The prices alone make this remedy to climate adjustment wishful thinking.
This feeble, problematic action is pathetic. We require to invest much more resources on eco-friendly power R&D to create medium-term remedies to climate change.
As well as we need to concentrate on the numerous straightforward procedures that would assist now.
Wildfire researchers have consistently told us that forest gas degrees maintain enhancing, making extreme bushfires much more most likely.
Managed burns cheaply and properly lower
high-intensity wildfires.
Various other practical policies include much better building codes, mechanical thinning, much safer power lines. These also include minimizing the potential for spread of lightning-caused wildfires campaigns to reduce deliberate ignitions.
The caring, efficient feedback to Australia’s catastrophe is to concentrate on the plans that could assist.
Bjorn Lomborg is president of the Copenhagen Consensus, also a visiting professor at the Copenhagen Business School.
climate change could devastate nearly all of Earth's coral reef habitats by 2100
New research says climate change could
devastate nearly all of Earth’s coral reef habitats by 2100.
Among the existing, around 70-90% of
coral reefs are likely to disappear in the next 20 years because of warming
oceans, acidic water, and pollution, said scientists from the University of
Hawaii Manoa.
They made their findings public on last
Monday at an ocean sciences conference.
A few ecological activists and coral reef researchers have been working closely on the restoration of coral. They tried to grow live corals in a lab, and then put them back into aquatic environments to restore dying reefs.
But the researchers warned, this may not
be adequate to save Earth’s coral reefs.
The new study made cluster on the ocean
areas that would be best suited to this type of coral restoration. They also
took into consideration factors like acidity, water temperature, human
population density and fishing frequency.
After investigating the world’s oceans, they
reached a serious remark: “By 2100, few to zero suitable coral habitats will
remain.”
Unfortunately, existing ocean parts
where coral reefs live today won’t be healthy by 2045. And, the circumstance of
these environments is only likely to get worse by 2100, according to the team’s
simulations.
Only a few sites will be viable for the
restoration of a coral reef by 2100, like portions of Baja California and the
Red Sea — even these aren’t suitable territories for reef because they’re
close to rivers.
The researchers warned that human-made
climate change was the big killer, a small part of the larger threat.
“Cleaning up the beaches and battling
pollution are praiseworthy. But, we need to continue those efforts,” Setter
said in that release.
Fertilizer to fuel maritime ships may grasp carbon footprints.
Maritime ships could use Ammonia as a fuel to reduce emissions.
The maritime shipping industry is to grasp its carbon footprint, as it has a massive contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. It also dumps chemicals into open seas. Already, the global shipping industry contributes about 2% of global carbon emissions, as the BBC reported.
As a clean-up act, the industry is trying to stop burning diesel. As a possible fuel source, ammonia can make the shipping industry carbon emission-free.
We know, ammonia – the key ingredient of fertilisers – can be used in ships’ engines rather than burning diesel.
The industry expects ammonia will help a lot to tackle climate change, as it burns without CO2 emissions.
A report says, the making of the ammonia itself produces extensive CO2, but technology can solve this problem.
Manufacturing ammonia is also a major source of carbon. According to a report by the Royal Society, the manufacture of ammonia currently creates 1.8% of global CO2 emissions – a significant the most of any chemical industry.
However, the report says new technology can create zero-carbon ammonia. A possible way is by trapping the CO2 emissions when ammonia is manufactured and burying the CO2 in underground rocks.
Another way of making alleged “green” ammonia is to use renewable energy which doesn’t create any CO2.
But it is a big concern whether adequate clean energy is obtainable to create ammonia at scale soon.
Does ammonia power ships?
Man Energy Solutions, an engine designer, is making a two-stroke ammonia-powered engine. It will be ready by 2024.
The firm’s spokesman, Peter Kirkeby, said: “We get a very big interest in ammonia as an alternative fuel from the market – even though there are challenges.”
Also, he expected ammonia to match the price of other alternative fuels.
However, the ships powered by greener fuels may take more valuable space for fuel storage. Then It will be too bulky to fuel maritime ships.
However, there are still caveats. For example, ammonia does not burn as efficiently as diesel. It also creates nitrogen oxides, which are greenhouse gasses. However, the Royal Society report is optimistic that technology will address those problems, according to the BBC.
But the success remains challenging. Burning ammonia may not crate CO2, but it does generate nitrogen oxides. These are greenhouse gases too.
So, the technology requires to solve this issue to deal with this.
Thinking on ammonia?
The Royal Society’s lead author, Prof Bill David, reported: “Ammonia is the only zero-carbon fuel that will get you across the oceans.”
“We are going to install fuel cell modules with a total power of 2 MW onboard Viking Energy in 2024,” he added. “Hopefully, it will turn this vessel into the world’s first emission-free supply vessel.”
But he warned: “In terms of industrial emissions, ammonia derives only after cement and steel, so it requires to decarbonise the manufacture of ammonia.”
The UN shipping body, the IMO, has a target of splitting emissions from international shipping by 2050 compared with 2008.
A group of major maritime carriage owners says $2 should be taxed on every tonne of ships’ fuel to backing research into clean engines.
As a concern, environmentalists have consistently complained against the shipping industry regarding its emissions. Shortly, they want to reduce the amount of shipping overall and impose slower cruising speeds to save fuel.
What is Plan-B for the resilience in the face of climate change?
Planners and coordinators talk more about resilience in the face of climate change. But 300 million people require no such techniques featuring a large “if.”. They desperately need different R-word that secures their future.
It is along with a hundred-year flooding, record-breaking melting of glaciers, wildfires and drought. The tales appear with numbing regularity. And though the details vary, they all point to the same grim final thought.
We’re falling short to deal with environment modification. With carbon discharges continuing to rise, what was as soon as rejected as worst-case situations currently look like the most effective, we can hope for?
If Strategy A was to prevent, or at the very least minimize, the most serious effects of environmental change, what’s Plan B?
In our Plan-A world, architecture and preparation have become concentrated on the idea of “resistant” design. However, continuing to speak about “Resilience “in the face of ever-worsening forecasts is its very own kind of environment denial. It’s time for coordinators to begin changing the R-word of the minute with a now not-so-unthinkable one.
No more hide and secret.
According to a recent paper in a scientific journal, Nature Communications, a few of the earlier estimates of populace variation from the sea-level rise are possibly way as well low.
Around the world, as opposed to some 50 million people may require to relocate to higher ground over the next thirty years. The oceans are possible to climb more than our forecast. Also, the variety of environment refugees might surpass 300 million. Certainly, sea-level increase looks likely to reach in yards and also meters, not inches or feet.
Where will all of these displaced people go?
Can they are ready to relocate in existing cities, communities as well as villages? Which cities will we defend? Which will we surrender? Who will choose? These are extraordinary layout and also preparation difficulties that our society hasn’t started to consider, let alone prepare for. Provided the progressively alarming overview, our company believes it is time to begin.
Over the last few years, we’ve seen countless climate-resiliency plans including bioswales, rainfall yards, retention ponds, planet berms, dams, sea-wall obstacles, also oyster beds.
All of these techniques are useful, but they feature a large “if.” They will certainly assist protect our seaside cities if we additionally reduced our carbon discharges in time to alleviate also worse effects of environment adjustment.
But for the welfare of future generations, we require to truthfully examine the risks ahead as well as strategy properly. Coordinators are anticipated to operate within numerous periods, and also the challenge today is even trickier.
Political fight to control the bet on fossil fuels.
Moving existing cities, retrofitting old ones for explosive development, creating brand-new negotiations and reducing thousands of miles of contaminated shorelines will be pricey and complex. Also, if correctly planned, this will certainly be a messy and even brutal process. Probably, it will descend right into turmoil right out of the scientific method.
However, it was nothing in comparison to the real-time difficulties encountering coastal communities and the cities in the years ahead.
Similarly, our issues are not only the sea-level rise.
Many locations inland will see water end up being significantly. It will place enormous stress and anxiety on negotiation patterns and also farming. Mass movements will unavoidably become a part of our children’s and also grandchildren’s futures.
Unfortunately, few of our political leaders will “go there” yet, because their preparation for the future expands specifically regarding the next election. It’s time for planners and coordinators to seem the alarm system. It is time, to put it simply, to obtain genuinely.
The irony is that as we dawdle, energy, and also insurance provider, along with the Pentagon, are looking to encounter what’s coming. In the real world, that’s a danger administration. And, many cities are taking the procedure of durable preparation. It is time for them to join with states as well as regions, along with the private side of the central government.
A swamped shoreline is not only a national security issue. It’s not simply an actuarial challenge for the insurance industry. It’s our future, as well as it’s upon us.
Hydroelectric dams affect the temperature of river water
Hydroelectric dams use river flow to turn a series of turbines to generate electricity. It is a source of renewable energy that doesn’t depend on fossil fuels. However, it disrupts the flow of rivers, and impact the wildlife habitat, agricultural land, and scenic lands there.
Not all wildlife impacts associated with dams can be directly attributed to hydroelectric power. However, hydroelectric facilities can still have a major impact on aquatic ecosystems.
However, large-scale hydroelectric dams continue to built in many parts of the world. In the United States, there are about 80,000 dams of which only 2,400 produce power. The other dams are for recreation, stock/farm ponds, flood control, water supply, and irrigation.
Installation and dismantling of hydroelectric power plants cause global warming.
Nonetheless, global warming emits during the installation and dismantling of hydroelectric power plants. However, current estimates suggest that life-cycle emissions of hydroelectric power plants can be over 0.5 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour.
Scientists are monitoring the environmental consequences of hydroelectric dams to know the effect on a river’s temperature. Recently, a team of researchers at the University of Washington has published their study on how several hydroelectric dams affected the temperature of Southeast Asia’s three major rivers.
Use of satellite data to track changes in surface water temperature
The researchers used Landsat satellites to track changes in surface water temperature for the Sekong, Sesan and Srepok rivers. The satellites capture the heat, or infrared radiation, from the rivers.
The Sekong, Sesan and Srepok rivers combine into one river, which eventually enters the Mekong River, a central feature of the Southeast Asian ecosystem. People rely on these rivers for fish and irrigation mostly.
Using 30 years of satellite data, the team discovered that within one year of the opening of a major dam, downstream river temperatures during the dry season dropped by up to 2 degrees centigrade.
The cooling kept on where these three rivers meet the Mekong River, showed a 0.8 centigrade cooling most.
Researchers’ Opinion
“People are seeing a cooling effect after the installation of the hydroelectric dam 20 years ago. But what we see in the Mekong is really amazing’” said senior author Faisal Hossain. He is a civil and environmental engineering professor at the University of Washington.
“Lots of dams were just suddenly coming on, left and right. And now we can see this cooling effect that is no longer restricted but continuing into the river system. It is the best of our knowledge.”
The team investigated whether anything else might be driving these temperature drops, such as air temperature, precipitation or land use in the surrounding region.
Remarkably, the air temperature showed a slight warming trend. The land around the rivers causes deforestation during that period. But researchers said that is often linked to water warming, not cooling. That points to the role of these dams.
The team found that this infusion once warmed the Mekong so that the river was, at most, 0.4-degree centigrade warmer downstream of the confluence than it was upstream.
But after 2001, the trend reversed, with the rivers now slightly cooling the Mekong River. The river is now up to 0.8-degree centigrade cooler — not warmer — downstream of the confluence.
The cooler water could have an effect on the fish that live downstream, the researchers said.
Lead author Matthew Bonnema, a postdoctoral researcher at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said, “New dams are building closer to the Mekong. These are also big dams. It means the impacts on the Mekong will likely be more significant. These temperature changes are going to get more dramatic.”
Limitations of this study
Using satellite data to monitor river temperature has a caution: clouds block the satellites’ view of the Earth.
So, the team could only monitor changes during the region’s dry season. Still, the researchers were able to detect decreases in river temperature within a year after major dams on all three rivers came online.
The team has used the Reservoir Assessment Tool. This is the world’s first publicly available global reservoir-monitoring system that processes massive amounts of data from satellites for more than 1,500 dams around the world.
Sundari tree, the most common mangrove species in the Sundarbans, is becoming unhealthy gradually.
However, there is no significant decline in the number of mangroves in the Sundarbans for the last 30 years. However, there is evidence of a 25% health decline of the mangrove trees.
And, it is due to the effect of increased salinity on Sundari tree. But the continuing effects of climate change could critically hamper its ability to reborn.
About this Study.
A satellite-based data-driven study on world’s mangrove system brought new findings says that the dreadful effects of climate change could severely hamper the growths of Sundari tree.
Most significantly, the ‘top-dying
disease’ is the reason for declining 15% of trees in the Sundarbans since the
80s.
Around 1.44 million cubic meters of
Sundari trees have been lost to “top-dying disease in the last 30 years,”
experts said.
Top-dying disease among the Sundari,
heart-rot disease among the Pashur, and die-back disease in the Kewara, are
behind the trees’ rapid decline.
The expert said, the increases of saline water are the key reason, and this is happening in the Sundarbans.
Unfavourably, the Sundari tree is
less tolerant of high salinity levels than other mangrove species and has
previously been identified as suffering from die-back due to rising salinity.
Meanwhile, this recent study did not
find any noteworthy decrease in the number of mangroves in Sundarbans last 30
years.
“However, there is evidence of a
decline in the health of about 25% of the mangrove trees,” said study author
Katie Awty-Carroll of Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth
University, Wales.
Awty-Carroll and his team observed a
long 30-year time series of Landsat data of the entire Sundarbans.
However, it is hard to know the proper explanations behind this decline in mangrove health, the scientists think the long-term decline in mangrove health may be linked to the impacts of increased salinity on the Sundari tree.
Accordingly, the analysis shows if 25% of the forest is getting less healthy, those areas will be at greater risk of decline in the future, especially if extreme events such as cyclones become more common,” Awty-Carroll said.
Also, rising sea levels are
increasing salinity, with adverse effects on the damage from severe cyclones,
means that the defensive capacity of the Sundarbans could be reduced in future
years.
This study also explored the damage
of Sidr, which made landfall in Bangladesh in November 2007.
“We estimate that around 11% of the
Sundarbans forest was damaged by Sidr, which is lower than other estimates,”
said Awty-Carroll.
Moreover, they claimed that this study is the only one which looks at damage over the whole of the Sundarbans region immediately after the cyclone’s landfall.
Meanwhile, this study also revealed that the effects of Sidr were still apparent more than 10 years after the cyclone made landfall.
Accordingly, this suggests that major cyclones could decrease the health of the mangroves for a long.
However, the main limitation of the study is the absence of on-the-ground measurements to compare the satellite observations. Despite having sufficient data, we have to be cautious in interpreting our results.
Andy Large, a field-based physical
geographer with Newcastle University, echoed with this report.
We also know, Climate change has to
lead to an increase in the salinity of the water and soil of the Sundarbans—
which is another reason for the rapid decline in the number of Mangrove Spices.
According to experts, the change in the quantities of saline and uneven cyclone causes harm to mangrove forests.
Earlier, noted water expert Ainun Nishat said, “Sundari trees have been dying due to the adverse effects of the Farakka and a lack of sweet water.”
Earlier, it was a finding of 30ppm of
salinity in the water—which declines the disease-prevention capacity of the
trees.
There was more substantial criticism about the Chinese environmental policy and also its uneven track of development. In terms of quality, China has experienced negative consequences in its air and groundwater. But today, facts have started to change under the administration of Xi Jinping.
Apparently, China is changing its standard
way of advancement where the environment is apriority. Additionally, the environment
is a thing to be regulated; otherwise, it would undoubtedly see a misfortune
created fierce human-caused activities.
Xi Jinping’s administration brought some radical changes in environmental issues. Moreover, the Chinese corporate, as well as civil society, are equally determined to erase the image of environmental austere.
Also, China has participated in multilateral arrangements at a worldwide degree on greenhouse gas to control emission.
Particularly, China is now the leading force to generate renewable energy by installing large solar plants and also the largest producer of wind power.
Already, China has built 680000 electrical
vehicles, buses, and vehicles surpassing overall globe manufacturing over the
last few years.
We better know Donald Trump has pulled the USA of Paris Climate Accord where China stays with it. Different neighbourhood and foreign companies are currently praising Chinese shuffle to an environmental plan. Especially adjustments in its administration are eye staking.
A changing landscape of stars
With the leadership of Xi Jinping,
different actors have arisen while a few have pulled away from environmental
monitoring affairs at the domestic level.
Players make up both standard and also
non-conventional, including judges, district attorneys, environmental NGOs, and
even Chinese residents too.
The suggestion of environmental justice in
China is the outcome of it.
Recent empowerment of regional tax bureaus
to collect taxes connected to ecological air pollution and Environmental Police
have a fantastic repercussion to execute Chinese environmental policy.
New environmental tax obligation was
ushered in recently, which makes it harder for polluters to pollute and dump.
It works as a preventative guard towards unhygienic production.
Previously, the Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) was in charge of accumulating environmental tax obligations, and now regional tax obligation bureaus are equipped to gather taxes more sophistically.
On the other hand, environmental police was a single payment of china starting from Kunming in 2008 to dozens of cities currently in 2019. This particular police force patrols around cities to find and also stop air pollution and dumping.
Moreover, China is making use of the Chinese communist party hierarchy to develop governance.
One river, One Chief system, encourages rural leaders to keep water quality of streams. They can approach to polluting sectors without governmental muddling and do something about it promptly.
Another improvement of the Chinese
environmental plan is dismantling the Ministry of Environmental Protection with
a new full incorporating the Ministry of Ecology and also Environment.
This radical reformation is aimed to create a more coherent ecological policy. Though all these advancements are yet to bring potentiality to deal with negative climate adjustment.
Difficult laws, as well as projects: a
brand-new position in China
Equally, together with administrated reform, China is improving in the field of environmental law and also ad-hoc campaigns. So, it has presented a couple of legislations and devices to deal with ecological adjustment.
And, the state council’s introduction to “Regulations on open federal government details” in 2007 has taken to take care of information disclosure regarding pollutions. However, different technological measurements of air and water quality index are noteworthy in current growth.
China, as an authoritarian state, heavily
counts on the carrot as well as stick policy to handle ecological
mismanagement. Revised setting defence legislation in 2014 leads a brand-new
era in China.
Now, authorities can charge polluters as they desire to impose without any ceiling. Also, this legislation held government authorities accountable if they fall short to bill polluters.
Virtually 10,000 polluters consisting of government officials were punished under this regulation in 2016-17, where few were placed in jail.
Moreover, the Communist Party is now giving rewards to neighbourhood leaders and officials to fight versus contamination. However, over-focus on compensation pressure is extensively slammed.
Already, China has created action-based projects to obtain a quick outcome. Generally, the Chinese Communist Party’s leaders activate the substantial number of programs to take immediate activity against contaminating business.
Also, they could cut off the power connection or gas service to destroy polluters’ residences. It likewise has negative results, however, quite reliable.
Finally, you may take a look at China’s usage of technology in environmental administration. Also, the use of technical means like GPS, GIS, or remote sensing offers an actual-time details exchange. Now, corresponding authorities can evaluate, report on, and also action to contamination as well as tree coverage area.
Currently, drones are using to discover waste dischargers. Additionally, China uses large information to predict the ecological situation.
Undoubtedly, Xi Jinping’s administration is juncture. Primarily, China is not walking on a sceptic vision of climate change. Chinese sentiment of denial of the environmental worry is not still pertinent.
At this moment, a top priority of development ought to not go beyond environmental price. Individuals, as well as event, does rule out climate change as a hoax as referred by Trump.
It would be a great learning for Bangladesh that we ought to not secure to Chinese old-growth version sooner learns from new environmental steps stabilizing financial growth. In the end, we will need to stay on this earth, breathe within its ambience.
In the coastal areas of Bangladesh, salinity intrusion in soil may lead to a declining yield by 15.6% of high-harvesting-variety rice and reduce the income of farmers significantly.
In the backdrop of climate change, we know, the coastal
population is more exposed to saltwater intrusion. These populations on the“front
line” of climate change because of the continued sea-level rise beyond 2100,
even if greenhouse gas emissions remain stable today.
Therefore, Bangladesh must understand the potential
impacts and begin planning to cope with them.
However, most research has focused on the long-run effects of the sea level rise and associated losses from heightened cyclone-induced surges.
So, we need to investigate the level of amplified salinity from saltwater intrusion, and its impact on livelihoods and adaptation alternatives.
Already, they found the coastal area is facing problems
from salinization. And, the situation is deteriorating.
River salinity in coastal areas.
Climate change causes substantial changes in river salinity. Accordingly, It leads to the crisis of drinking water as well as the shortage of irrigation water.
Shortly, the changes in river salinity will adversely
affect the productivity of many capture fisheries. Negatively, it will affect
the wild habitats of freshwater fish and giant prawns.
The health of Mangrove trees is declining.
A new study says the health of mangrove trees of the
Sundarbans has significantly declined over the last 30 years due to salinity
increase.
Consequently, the decline in health could critically hamper the ability to spring back. It makes it prone to unexpected climate-related hazards.
Also, the salinity increase in the water may induce a
shift in the Sunderbans mangrove forest from Sundari to Gewa and Guran.
Accordingly, Bagerhat, Barguna, Barisal, Bhola, Khulna,
Jhalokati, Pirojpur, and Satkhira districts will be most adversely affected.
Climate Change, Soil Salinity in Coastal Bangladesh
Soon, the salinity level in the soil will surge in many areas of Barisal, Chittagong, and Khulna districts significantly. A study on the soil of the coastal regions of Bangladesh, the Soil Research Development Institute projects a median increase of 26% in salinity by 2050, with increases over 55% in the most affected areas.
Impacts on rice production due to climate change.
Accordingly, the climate-induced soil salinity is impacting on the output of high-harvesting-variety rice. As a result, the rice harvest is likely to decline by 15.6% in nine coastal unions, where the soil salinity will exceed around four decisions per meter by 2050.
Now, the farmers are earning less from rice production in several regions, along with the losses of 10.5% Barisal and 7.5 in Chittagong, earlier.
Consequently, many unions are suffering from significant yield losses and substantial price reductions from rising salinity.
Livelihoods are in threat in a changing climate.
Already, the salinity has switched the household status
to the most harmful levels from their least harmful. The poverty impact is
striking one: the probability that the economic situation of a coastal household
is in the bottom 20% rises six-fold, from 8% to 56%.
Therefore, the Bangladesh government is trying to cope up with the adverse effects of a changing climate. As we know, the country is one of the frontiers which is affected by climate change.
